Nucleosynthesis from non-thermal particles

The long-standing problem of nucleosynthesis from non-thermal charged particles is reviewed with emphasis on some novel points. Recent theoretical results predict very efficient acceleration of nuclei (up to GeV range) by violent systems with energy release in the form of multiple shock waves —OB associations and coronae of AGNs and black holes candidates in galactic accretion disks. A detection of gamma-line emission from the Orion complex by theCOMPTEL telescope on board ofGRO could confirm theoretical predictions. Production of lithium by non-thermal particles in Orion-like objects is discussed. The mechanism can be responsible for the observed variations of abundance of isotopes.     

波导宽边H—T接头缝隙耦合特性的分析

本文讨论由缝隙耦合的矩形波导宽边H-T分支接头的电气特性。计入了波导壁的实际厚度,在主波导和副波导尺寸是任意的情况下,对任意位置和长度的窄缝电气特性进行了理论推导,导出它的散射场及其等效参数。给出数值计算和实验结果,并作了比较。     

用非线性涡粘性模式计算三维湍流边界层

针对非线性涡粘性模式在求解三维湍流边界层流动时的不足，本文从压力－变形率关联项中的快速项出发，考虑流动非均匀影响，在显式代数应力模式的雷诺应力表达式中引入了反映雷诺应力“松驰”效应的速度二阶导数项，构造了一个新的非线性涡粘性模式。通过对典型算例－翼体角隔流动的计算结果表明，新模式能较好地再现出三维湍流边界层内雷诺切应力方向的发展滞后于速度梯度方向发展这一流动特性。     

高效气动优化设计方法

基于CFD方法开展气动外形优化设计通常计算量较大,采用离散共轭方法计算目标函数梯度,建立了高效的飞机气动优化设计系统。采用NURBS方法对翼剖面几何外形的扰动量进行参数化,避免了对原始外形的拟合,建立了基于NURBS方法的机翼剖面参数化方法。在复杂外形的优化设计中,动网格方法是关键技术之一,采用无限插值方法生成变形后的网格,并提出采用无限插值方法处理部件之间相贯线发生变化的情况。最后开展了翼身组合体+吊舱+挂架等复杂外形的优化设计,成功地减小了阻力,证明了方法的有效性。     

使用Gao-Yong湍流方程计算翼体角偶流动

Gao-Yong湍流方程基于侧偏统计平均方法保留了湍流脉动量的一阶统计信息,并引入加权漂移速度对称性及正交各向异性,导出漂移流连续方程、动量方程和机械能方程,最后依据湍流物理的唯象论,使用动量传输链概念模化封闭了整个方程组.大量算例验证了此方程对广泛范围的复杂湍流问题的适定性.为了进一步的工程应用,将其加入开源计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM(Open Field Operation and Manipulation)中,并就翼体角偶流动进行了数值模拟.翼体角偶流动具有三维分离、马蹄涡等十分复杂的流动特征,通过与实验测量结果的对比研究表明,Gao-Yong湍流方程不论在定性还是定量上,都成功捕捉到这类复杂流动现象的主要特征,得到了令人满意的结果.     

文氏效应在叶片根部马蹄涡控制中的应用

为研究文氏管在叶片根部马蹄涡控制作用的应用,针对简化了的叶片-平板结构在叶片上游平板上的某位置开狭缝,在平板的另一侧构造一文氏管(文氏管的喉道位于狭缝处),引射叶片根部的流体,进而控制马蹄涡.数值模拟了不同狭缝位置的湍流流动;结果表明了改变狭缝相对于叶片的位置能很好地控制马蹄涡,甚至能完全消除叶片前马蹄涡.提出的方法可以利用外势流的能量而无需额外消耗能量,为一种被动的控制手段,有很大的实际应用前景.利用文氏效应的控制方法简单实用,因此工程中采用该法是不错的一种选择.      

Microstructure evolution and mechanical anisotropy of M50 steel ball bearing rings during multi-stage hot forging

This study aimed to explore the evolution of flow lines and microstructures of M50-steel bearing ring and the anisotropy of its tensile mechanical properties after Multi-Stage Hot Forging (MSHF) and subsequent spheroidizing annealing (MSHFA). To this end, the present study mainly employed stereo microscopy, Optical Metallurgical Microscopy (OMM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) to characterize and analyze the workpiece at each processing stage of MSHF while performing microhardness measurement and uniaxial tensile experiment to test and analyze the mechanical properties of the workpiece. Macro-structure observation showed that the simulation results of flow lines at each stage were consistent with the experimental results. Microscopic observation showed that, after MSHF, deformation gradually became less significant along the outward radial direction of the bearing ring. After MSHFA, the microstructures of the bearing ring became uniform, whereas primary carbides did not dissolve. The mechanical properties were better in the axial direction (AD) than in the radial (RD) and circumferential directions (CD) after MSHF due to the smaller grain width. After MSHFA, the mechanical properties in the ADs and CDs were better than those in the RDs, which was due to the large cross-sectional area of carbides along the flow-line direction.     

一种新型宽频带单脉冲天馈系统

提出了一种新近研制成功的结构紧凑的S~C波段新型的宽频带单脉冲天馈系统.其关键部件包括天线单元、宽频带魔T及宽频带功分器.通过对渐变槽线天线单元的分析和计算、天线阵列的分布及阵因子的计算、微带-槽线双重接头及其构成的魔T的研究,而获得了高增益的宽频带单脉冲天馈系统.天馈系统的实测结果与理论设计相吻合.      

微带双环五端口结设计

五端口结是六端口矢量反射计的核心部件 ,其结构直接影响到六端口反射计的测量特性 ,因此如何设计能使六端口反射计获得最佳测量特性的五端口结一直以来是人们所关注的焦点。在对微波网络相关原理及文献进行仔细分析与研究的基础上 ,提出了利用Microwaveoffice软件对微带五端口双环对称网络进行设计、仿真与优化的新方法 ,根据仿真结果加工出实际电路 ,对该电路进行测试 ,测试结果与仿真结果吻合 ,证明设计思想正确 ,其方法简单、灵活、高效。     

管路系统通过调节阀控制气体流动的动态数学模型建立

分别推导出管路系统单元气体流动的动态数学模型,并对一个完整的管路系统进行了以调节阀的开度作为输入,被控参数作为输出的建模示例,分别建立了比例调节、容器压力调节及管路流量、压力调节比较精确的数学模型。