某小型离心压气机气动设计

针对无人机动力装置的需求,为某小推力的涡轮喷气发动机进行了单级离心压气机的气动设计.所用的压气机设计方法为:从一维的热力计算出发来进行流道结构设计,以二维通流计算为基础,通过调整各排叶片的环量分布,来获得所要求的气动性能,并通过叶片任意造型最终生成与通流计算结果较为一致的三维叶型,最后通过三维计算流体动力学(CFD)计算来分析气动设计的性能结果.最终设计出的离心压气机在设计点的各项性能参数均达到了设计要求,并且在各个转速下压气机的特性线比较平缓,压气机有较为宽广的稳定工作范围.      

Particle acceleration and gamma rays in solar flares: Recent observations and new modeling

Experiments on SMM, GAMMA, Yohkoh, GRANAT, Compton GRO, INTEGRAL, RHESSI and CORONAS-F satellites over the past three decades have provided copious data for fundamental research relating to particle acceleration, transport and energetics of flares and to the ambient abundance of the solar corona, chromosphere and photosphere. We summarize main results of solar gamma-astronomy (including some results of several joint Russian–Chinese projects) and try to appraise critically a real contribution of those results into modern understanding of solar flares, particle acceleration at the Sun and some properties of the solar atmosphere. Recent findings based on the RHESSI, INTEGRAL and CORONAS-F measurements (source locations, spectrum peculiarities, ³He abundance etc.) are especially discussed. Some unusual features of extreme solar events (e.g., 28 October 2003 and 20 January 2005) have been found in gamma-ray production and generation of relativistic particles (solar cosmic rays, or SCR). A number of different plausible assumptions are considered concerning the details of underlying physical processes during large flares: (1) existence of a steeper distribution of surrounding medium density as compared to a standard astrophysical model (HSRA) for the solar atmosphere; (2) enhanced content of the ³He isotope; (3) formation of magnetic trap with specific properties; (4) prevailing non-uniform (e.g., fan-like) velocity (angular) distributions of secondary neutrons, etc. It is emphasized that real progress in this field may be achieved only by combination of gamma-ray data in different energy ranges with multi-wave and energetic particle observations during the same event. We especially note several promising lines for the further studies: (1) resonant acceleration of the ³He ions in the corona; (2) timing of the flare evolution by gamma-ray fluxes in energy range above 90 MeV; (3) separation of gamma-ray fluxes from different sources at/near the Sun (e.g., different acceleration sources/episodes during the same flare, contribution of energetic particles accelerated by the CME-driven shocks etc.); (4) asymmetric magnetic geometry and new magnetic topology models of the near-limb flares; (5) modeling of self-consistent time scenario of the event.     

The radio recombination lines of hydrogen

The impact theory of spectral line broadening is used to obtain complete profiles for radio recombination lines broadened by electron and proton impact. Electron impact dominates but proton impact becomes increasingly significant as Δn$\mathrm{\Delta }n$ increases. Thus these new calculations essentially confirm previous results and so a longstanding discrepancy between observation and theory remains unresolved.     

A photoionization method for estimating BLR “size” in quasars

We describe an alternate way to estimate Broad Line Region (BLR) radii for type-1 AGN based on determination of physical conditions in the BLR under the assumption that the line emitting gas is photoionized by a central continuum source. We derive “diagnostic” intensity ratios involving UV lines Aliiiλ$\lambda$1860, Siiii]λ$\lambda$1892 and Civλ$\lambda$1549 which enable us to compute the ionizing photon flux, and hence BLR radius from the ionization parameter definition. We compare our estimates of BLR radii with values independently obtained from reverberation monitoring of Hβ$\beta$ and, in a few cases, of C ivλ$\lambda$1549. We analyze the interpretation of the photoionization estimates in the 4D eigenvector 1 context, and discuss in some detail the case of 3C 390.3. For this object we are able to provide not only the ionizing photon flux, but also an estimate of density and ionization parameter from the measured diagnostic ratios. We also compare black hole masses obtained from this method with values derived from widely-applied correlations between mass, line broadening and luminosity. Good agreement is found for both radius and black hole mass comparisons.     

直线与任意曲线求交算法在晶粒度计算的应用

对于晶粒度测量的计算机化问题,从材料学的角度讨论了其可行性.采用平均直径法对一幅经过处理的晶界图像进行晶粒度计算.基于Freeman码的原理,分析了欧氏空间下与泛欧空间下直线与曲线交点求法的差异性,提出了"伪交点"的概念,在理论上给出了求交的解决方案,同时也从计算机图形学的角度分析了影响计算直线与曲线交点的因素,在算法上也给出了相应的解决方案.最终计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,表明这种方法计算晶粒度快捷有效,可以应用于工程分析.     

改善机床运动的五轴刀轨光顺方法

建立了五轴数控加工刀轨光顺优化模型,改善了线性插补方式下拐角过渡运动中的机床加速度情况。考虑了5个轴加速能力的差异,以轴加速度比,即轴实际达到的最大加速度与其允许最大加速度的比值,来衡量轴的加速度情况,以5个轴加速度比的平方平均数在整体上衡量机床的加速度情况,降低该值可提高机床运动平稳性。采用最短距离线法在初始刀轨的各切触点处建立了刀轴偏航角和俯仰角的可行域,使光顺后的刀轨满足残高和无过切要求。实例表明:该方法可有效光顺五轴数控加工刀轨,改善机床加速度情况,提高机床运动平稳性。      

一种简易的曲面隐藏线消去法

本文介绍一种简易的曲面隐藏线消去法。先将曲面上各网点分成可见与不可见两类,然后根据线与线相关性,判断各网格线段的可见性,最后只显示或绘制所有的可见网格线段,得到消隐后的曲面立体图形,本法比较简易,调用方便,通用性较强,不管曲面是根据什么方法构作的,只要顺序输入两个方向的网点数及所有网点的坐标值,调用本子程序,一般均能进行曲面消隐。     

一种新的立体线图标记算法

根据投影理论给出了遮挡棱的判断规则，基于该规则提出了一种新的立体线图标记算法。在该算法中标记的传播是由遮挡棱向非遮挡棱传播。实验结果表明该算法是有效的。这种标记算法可排除许多不可能的场景结构，正确标记出符合人们画图习惯的立体线图，使得计算机能够模拟人的思维正确地理解和解释投影线图。     

轴流/离心压气机叶片通用任意中弧造型设计方法

开发了一种通用于轴流、斜流和离心式压气机叶片的任意中弧造型设计方法.该方法以通流计算的结果为基础,其优点在于可以通过调整通流设计的环量的分布,来获得所要求的气动性能,并最终生成与通流计算结果较为一致的三维叶型.修改造型控制参数可以同时实现对主叶片、分流叶片的造型控制,以及对叶型尾缘形状的控制.通过在微小型发动机压气机叶片设计中的应用,得到了比较理想的叶片.此外,该方法还可以用于压气机叶片的优化设计.      

Automated techniques for the analysis of magnetic field inversion in filaments with the Solar Feature Catalogue

We present an automated comparison of magnetic field inversion line maps from SOHO/MDI magnetograms with solar filament data from the Solar Feature Catalogue created as part of the European Grid of Solar Observations project. The Euclidean distance transform and connected component labelling are used to identify nearest neighbour filament skeletons and inversion lines. Several filament-inversion line characteristics are defined and used to automate the decision whether a particular filament/inversion line pair is suitable for quantitative comparison of orientation and separation. The technique is tested on a total of 207 filaments from four H_α images, and the distributions of angles and distances between filament skeletons and LOS magnetic inversion lines are presented for six degrees of magnetic field smoothing. The results show the approach is robust and can be applied for a statistical analysis of magnetic field in filaments.