Aerothermodynamic and stability analyses of a deployable re-entry capsule

Recent research projects, in the field of atmospheric re-entry technology, are focused on the design of deployable, umbrella-like Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs). These TPSs are made of flexible high temperature resistant fabrics, folded at launch and deployed in space for de-orbit and re-entry operations. In the present paper two possible sphere–cone configurations for the TPS have been investigated from an aerodynamic point of view. The analyzed configurations are characterized by the same reentry mass and maximum diameter, but have different half-cone angles (45° and 60°). The analyses involve both the evaluation of thermal and aerodynamic loads and the assessment of the capsule longitudinal stability. The aerothermodynamic analysis has been performed for the completely deployed heat shield in transitional and continuum regimes, while the longitudinal stability has been analyzed in free molecular, transitional and continuum regimes, also taking into consideration the heat shield deployment sequence at high altitudes.     

航天器冷凝器导热性能试验及分析

两相主动式热控系统是未来航天热控的发展方向之一,系统中冷凝器是散热的重要部件,其冷凝性能对热控系统仪器的正常工作至关重要。文章对CO2机械泵驱动两相航天热控系统冷凝器与辐射器之间的热导进行试验研究,在-20℃和15℃两个饱和温度不同热流及不同流量的工况下,测量热循环(-130～20℃)前后冷凝器与辐射器间的热导变化,发现冷凝器中的导热胶在经受热胀冷缩的极限条件后不改变其导热性能,冷凝器的可重复使用性良好。     

改进的电热除冰系统的仿真方法

建立了电热除冰系统矩形微段的二维简化物理模型，采用焓法模型建立相变导热问题的微分控制方程，用控制容积法对该模型的控制方程及其边界、初始条件进行离散，使用块修正技术对原有的离散方程组的求解方法进行了改进，得到各个时刻的温度分布及冰的融解情况。计算结果与国外文献结果吻合，验证了改进的算法和程序的正确性。并计算分析了时间步长的选择、网格的划分对计算结果的影响。     

烧结双多孔介质中沸腾换热的实验研究

对由铜粉烧结而成的三种双多孔介质结构进行了沸腾换热的实验。为了便于比较，同时对两种单多孔介质进行了沸腾换热实验。结果发现：当双多孔介质的微孔径和单多孔介质的孔径相同时，双多孔介质的换热系数和临界热流密度比单多孔介质高得多；对于同样微孔径的双多孔介质，存在最佳的粗孔径，其换热系数和临界热流密度最大；当逆静水压头减小的时候，换热系数和临界热流密度增加。     

国外新型热作模具钢及其热处理工艺

主要叙述了H13、QRO80M、QRO90SUPREME等新型热作模具钢的性能、使用特点及其热处理工艺技术方法。     

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封温度场及热载变形研究

基于ANSYS数值计算软件,建立了液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封的二维稳态传热模型,依靠经验公式确定了模型的对流换热系数。计算了密封环的温度场和热载变形,分析了密封端面比压、回流流量以及不同材质对密封温度场的影响规律。结果表明:密封端面最高温度发生在靠近密封环内径处,且密封端面比压越大密封环温度梯度越大;密封环热载变形呈收敛间隙,最大变形发生在动环端面的外径处,其值约为2.2μm;密封环端面最高温度随回流流量增加而减小,当回流流量从0.1~0.6 kg/s变化时,密封环端面最高温度可降低18%(从100℃降至82℃);当回流流量增大到0.3 kg/s时,继续提高对密封环端面温升的控制不再显著;采用高导热系数的摩擦副材料能够显著降低端面温升和温度梯度,提高密封工作可靠性。     

扩展型面排孔气膜冷却的实验研究

本文设计了三种型面的气膜孔扩展结构，研究了气膜冷却效率、壁面换热系数及流量系数随吹风比的变化规律。研究结果表明，与典型的圆柱形气膜孔相比，有后向扩展型面的气膜孔具有相对较高的冷却效率和换热系数，流量系数略有降低。扩展型面的流向扩展角α对冷却效率和换热系数的影响大于侧向扩展角 的影响。侧向扩展角 只在特定吹风比下才对提高气膜的侧向覆盖率、进而提高气膜冷却效率起作用，它使得位于二次流出流下游的低压区域范围增大，流量系数减小。     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

ISAR欺骗干扰效果评估方法研究

逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）能够获取运动目标的一维像和二维像,利用宽带特征识别出真实空间目标.宽带成像欺骗干扰是对抗ISAR雷达目标识别的有效措施.构建了基于目标结构特征的ISAR欺骗干扰效果评估体系,提出了相应的干扰效果评估准则,研究了ISAR欺骗干扰效果评估方法.利用仿真评估软件进行仿真分析,验证了评估方法的合理性.     

HFC134a喷雾闪蒸冷却换热特性的实验研究

喷雾闪蒸冷却由于可以在较小的工质流量下实现很高的散热能力,在高热流密度散热、航天器热控和热防护等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文建立了喷雾闪蒸冷却实验系统,对环境压力下以HFC134a为工质的喷雾闪蒸冷却换热特性进行了实验研究,得出了喷雾闪蒸冷却的换热特性曲线、临界热流密度(critical heat flux,CHF)以及被冷却表面温度随喷雾高度和流量的变化曲线,分析了适用于热控的最佳喷雾高度和流量。