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51.
酚醛树脂基蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能与增强增韧机理 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
利用三种蒙脱土(即S-MMT,TG-2,OLS,统称MMT)和一种短切纤维(Short-cutGlassFiber,简记为SGF),分别与酚醛树脂熔融混合,制得酚醛树脂基复合材料。通过缺口冲击实验和弯曲实验,对这些复合材料的力学性能和增强增韧机理进行了研究,取得了一些有规律性的结果。PF/NBR/SGF复合材料的缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量都随SGF含量的增加而增大;PF/NBR基蒙脱土纳米复合材料的缺口冲击强度随纳米材料(即S-MMT,TG-2和OLS)含量的增加而增大,在含量为5份时达到最大值;弯曲强度和弯曲模量也随纳米材料含量的增加而增大,在含量为9份时达到最大值。其次,所有PF/NBR基复合材料的缺口冲击强度均在60℃取得最大值,PF/NBR/OLS,PF/NBR/TG-2,PF/NBR/S-MMT等三种纳米复合材料的力学性能与体系中蒙脱土的层间距密切相关。层间距越大,力学性能越好。最后,探讨了纳米蒙脱土增强增韧PF/NBR体系的机理,指出聚合物体系中的蒙脱土具有两种效应,并建立了模型。 相似文献
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S. M. Krimigis D. G. Mitchell D. C. Hamilton S. Livi J. Dandouras S. Jaskulek T. P. Armstrong J. D. Boldt A. F. Cheng G. Gloeckler J. R. Hayes K. C. Hsieh W.-H. Ip E. P. Keath E. Kirsch N. Krupp L. J. Lanzerotti R. Lundgren B. H. Mauk R. W. McEntire E. C. Roelof C. E. Schlemm B. E. Tossman B. Wilken D. J. Williams 《Space Science Reviews》2004,114(1-4):233-329
The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R
S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm2 sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm2 sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm2 sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm2 sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R
S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R
S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
53.
城市化发展的阶段性及其规律研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
文章提出了城市化发展一般经历初级、中级和高级三个阶段,并提出了城市化发展的一般规律;农业发展是城市化的初始动力,资本扩张是城市化的原动力,市场机制是加速城市化进程的基础性机制,大城市超前增长,城市经济要与农村经济协调发展,乡村人口进入城市门坎的高低直接影响着城市化的速度和水平。 相似文献
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介绍了研究柔性铰链机构屈曲特性的重要意义。利用材料力学弯曲变形理论的挠曲线近似微分方程建立了计算直角切口柔性铰链平行四杆机构屈曲临界力的数学模型。在简单可靠的实验装置上测试了实际样件的屈曲临界力,并利用商用有限元软件ANSYS 8.0对相应的四杆机构模型进行了非线性屈曲分析。最终结果表明:理论值、实验值以及仿真值都十分接近,但仍存在一定的误差,通过原因分析,证实了存在这种误差的合理性,从而验证了所建数学模型具有较高的参考价值,可以作为柔性铰链平行四杆机构屈曲优化设计的指导理论。 相似文献
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57.
Nb对富钛TiNiAl金属间化合物强化机制的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用力学压缩试验、扫描电镜和X射线衍射方法研究了Nb元素对于Ti50Ni42Al8合金的力学性能和微观组织结构的影响。结果表明,Nb能够显著提高合金从室温到700 ℃之间的强度。在600 ℃时,Ti50Ni40Al8Nb2合金的压缩屈服强度和比强度分别为1 237 MPa和216 MPa/(g·cm-3),超过Rene95高温合金。微观组织观察及成分分析表明,Nb元素在基体和强化相Ti2Ni(Al)中固溶,促进强化相的弥散析出和细化,并导致高强富Nb相的析出,从而提高了合金的强度。 相似文献
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通过对7A04-T6包铝合金及去包铝合金与三种橡胶抗老化涂层材料在高温、高湿环境中的接触腐蚀产物SEM形貌分析及EDS成分分析,表明铝合金与橡胶抗老化涂层接触腐蚀形貌特征为点蚀,腐蚀严重时试样表面局部或全部被大量腐蚀产物所覆盖,腐蚀产物的主要元素为Al,C,O,Mg,Zn,Cl,Si,S.提出了铝合金与橡胶抗老化涂层"接触-扩散-吸附/沉积物层与电解质薄液膜层形成/腐蚀闭塞区形成/阴离子加速自催化腐蚀/点蚀-晶间腐蚀-剥落腐蚀"的接触腐蚀过程及机理. 相似文献
60.