Cosmic Rays at High Heliolatitudes

The Ulysses spacecraft has been the first to orbit the Sun over its poles and to explore the heliosphere at these high heliolatitudes. It has now completed two fast latitude scans, one at solar minimum and one at solar maximum. Since its launch in October 1990, this mission has led to several surprising discoveries concerning energetic particles, cosmic rays, Jovian electrons, the solar wind, the heliospheric magnetic field and the global features of the heliosphere. This review addresses mainly the propagation and modulation of cosmic rays and other charged particles, from both an observational and theoretical point of view, with emphasis on what has been learned from exploring the inner heliosphere to high heliolatitudes. This is done for solar minimum and maximum conditions. The review is concluded with a summary of the main scientific discoveries and insights gained so far from the Ulysses mission.     

Particle Acceleration at Interplanetary Shocks

This paper briefly reviews proton acceleration at interplanetary shocks. This is key to describing the acceleration of heavy ions at interplanetary shocks because wave excitation—and hence particle scattering—at oblique shocks is controlled by the protons and not the heavy ions. Heavy ions behave as test particles, and their acceleration characteristics are controlled by the properties of proton-excited turbulence. As a result, the resonance condition for heavy ions introduces distinctly different signatures in abundance, spectra, and intensity profiles, depending on ion mass and charge. Self-consistent models of heavy-ion acceleration and the resulting fractionation are discussed. This includes discussion of the injection problem and the acceleration characteristics of quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular shocks.     

On the Differences in Composition between Solar Energetic Particles and Solar Wind

Although the average composition of solar energetic particles (SEPs) and the bulk solar wind are similar in a number of ways, there are key differences which imply that solar wind is not the principal seed population for SEPs accelerated by coronal mass ejection (CME) driven shocks. This paper reviews these composition differences and considers the composition of other possible seed populations, including coronal material, impulsive flare material, and interplanetary CME material.     

减速器内部金属屑运动仿真分析

为掌握因轴承磨损产生的金属屑在直升机中间减速器内部流场中的运动状态，针对其固-液-气三相流特征建立了金属 屑颗粒受力平衡方程和多相流模型-离散相模型（VOF-DPM）耦合的CFD仿真模型。基于离散相运动方程编程计算及采用CFD仿 真分析方法获得了减速器内部颗粒的运动轨迹、运动速度，并据此对比验证了VOF-DPM耦合模型的正确性；利用CFD仿真分析 了颗粒在流体中运动时各种附加力对颗粒运动轨迹的影响，探究连续相空气、滑油与离散相颗粒三者之间的相互作用机理。结果 表明：连续相和离散相耦合作用对颗粒运动的影响较小，轨迹误差约5%、速度误差约3%，可忽略不计；虚质量力、压力梯度力和 Magnus升力对颗粒运动轨迹影响较大，Saffman升力对颗粒运动轨迹影响较小，而热泳力与布朗力不适用于直升机中间减速器固- 液-气三相流情形。     

Erosion degradation characteristics of a linear electro-hydrostatic actuator under a high-frequency turbulent flow field

The paper proposes a performance degradation analysis model based on dynamic erosion wear for a novel Linear Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (LEHA). Rather than the traditional statistical methods based on degradation data, the method proposed in this paper firstly analyzes the dominant progressive failure mode of the LEHA based on the working principle and working conditions of the LEHA. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, combining the turbulent theory and the micro erosion principle, is used to establish an erosion model of the rectification mechanism. The erosion rates for different port openings, under a time-varying flow field, are obtained. The piecewise linearization method is applied to update the concentration of contaminated particles within the LEHA, in order to gain insight into the erosion degradation process at various stages of degradation. The main contribution of the proposed model is the application of the dynamic concentration of contamination particles in erosion analysis of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves (EHSVs), throttle valves, spool valves, and needle valves. The effects of system parameters and working conditions on component wear are analyzed by simulations. The results of the proposed model match the expected degradation process.     

原子氧对红外干扰材料消光性能的影响研究

为探索大气中的红外干扰材料可否应用于外层空间, 利用原子氧效应地面模拟装置对铜粉和石墨粉两种红外干扰材料样品进行了原子氧暴露实验, 并对样品进行了质量分析、XRD分析和红外透过率测试. 结果表明, 原子氧累积通量达到5.0×1019cm-2时, 铜粉样品质量增加0.004mg•cm-2,石墨粉样品质量损失0.117mg•cm-2; 原子氧暴露后, 铜粉对3~5μm与8~12μm红外质量消光系数由3.64 m2•g-1与2.74 m2•g-1变为3.14 m2•g-1与2.65 m2•g-1, 消光能力降低; 石墨粉对3~5μm和8~12μm红外的质量消光系数由6.54 m2•g-1和5.78 m2•g-1减小为2.38 m2•g-1和2.27 m2•g-1, 消光能力明显减弱.      

Advance of interplanetary physics study in China: 2008—2010

Interplanetary physics study is an important ingredient in space weather research. Considerable progress this aspect has been achieved by the space physics community of China in recent years. This brief report summarizes the latest advances of the interplanetary physics research in China during the period of 2008--2010. This report includes solar corona and solar wind, interplanetary transients, energetic particles, MHD simulation, space plasma, and prediction methods for physical phenomena originating from both solar corona and interplanetary space.      

Numerical investigation of the influence of large turbulence scales on the parallel and perpendicular transport of cosmic rays

In recent analytical investigations it has been demonstrated that the turbulence behavior at large scales has a very strong influence on the perpendicular diffusion coefficient of charged particles. In the present paper we use computer simulations to investigate numerically cross field transport and particle propagation along the mean magnetic field for different turbulence models at large scales. Our results are compared with quasilinear theory and nonlinear diffusion theories. We show that for different forms of the turbulence spectrum at large scales, the perpendicular mean free paths obtained numerically are in agreement with recent predictions made by analytical theory. It is also shown that the parallel diffusion coefficient contains always a strong nonlinear contribution which is, however, independent of the assumed spectrum at large scales.     

金属橡胶颗粒静态特性试验

针对目前航空航天领域板壳结构较多,其模态成分密集、振动复杂等问题,提出了一种可用于各种复杂结构振动抑制的新型金属橡胶构件——金属橡胶颗粒.为了解及掌握这种新型金属橡胶构件的性能和设计规律,开展了有关金属橡胶颗粒的静态性能试验研究.通过试验测量了金属橡胶颗粒的静态迟滞回线,获得了金属橡胶颗粒的刚度和阻尼的范围.通过对比不同参数下的刚度和阻尼的试验结果,总结材料参数(丝材、螺旋卷和相对密度)和工艺参数(变形量和安装密度)等对金属橡胶颗粒的刚度特性和阻尼性能的影响规律.金属橡胶颗粒静态特性试验研究为金属橡胶颗粒的设计和工程应用奠定了基础.     

天基光学传感器动态成像配准方法研究

图像配准是天基光学动态成像处理中的关键技术,在遥感侦察等领域有着重要应用。对星空背景和地球大气背景下天基目标探测中的图像配准问题进行研究。针对星图配准建立了部分平均Hausdorff距离(PMHD),并定义了一种新的相似性匹配测度,利用序贯岭回归估计方法实现快速配准;针对地球大气背景图像配准,通过改进的Harris角点检测亚像素定位提取特征点集,基于PMHD利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法实现图像的精确配准。仿真实验表明:提出的星图配准方法具有实时性和亚象元配准精度,联合PMHD和PSO的大气图像配准具有良好的配准精度和较强的抗噪干扰能力。