GNSS-R延迟映射接收机相关器设计

介绍基于Altera公司EP2S60 FPGA芯片的GNSS-R接收机相关器的设计与实现。根据反射信号的接收处理特点,相关器中反射通道在镜面反射点配置信息基础上滑动一定范围的码片数以及多普勒频移,以得到反射信号时延/多普勒二维相关功率。此外还重点介绍NCO模块、EMIF接口模块。试验结果表明本地码、载波生成准确,在DSP配置下相关器可正确得到反射信号相关功率。     

Establishment of atmospheric weighted mean temperature model in the polar regions

Due to the special geographical location and extreme climate environment, the polar regions (Antarctic and Arctic) have an important impact on global climate change. Atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a crucial parameter in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal propagation. In this paper, the correlation between weighted mean temperature and surface temperature (Ts) is studied firstly. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between Tm and Ts are 0.93 in the Antarctic and 0.94 in the Arctic. The linear regression Tm model and quadratic function Tm model of the Antarctic and the Arctic are established respectively using the radiosonde profiles of 12 stations in the Antarctic and 58 stations in the Arctic from 2008 to 2015. The accuracies of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model which is a state-of-the-art global Tm model are verified using the radiosonde profiles from 2016 to 2018 in the Antarctic and Arctic. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model in the Antarctic are 3.07 K, 2.87 K and 4.32 K respectively, and those in the Arctic are 3.53 K, 3.38 K and 4.82 K, which indicates that the quadratic function Tm model has a higher accuracy compared to linear regression Tm model, and the accuracies of the two regional Tm models are better than that of GPT2w Tm model in the polar regions. In order to better evaluate the accuracy of Tm in the PWV retrieval, the PWV values of radiosondes are used for comparisons as the reference value. The RMS errors of PWV derived from the two Tm models are similar for 1.28 mm in the Antarctic and 1 mm in the Arctic respectively. In addition, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of Tm are analyzed in the polar regions by spectral analysis of Tm data using fast Fourier transform. The results show that the Tm has obvious seasonality and annual periodicity in the polar regions, and the maximum difference between warm season and cold season is about 63 K. After comparing and analyzing the influences of latitude, longitude and elevation on the Tm in the polar regions, it is found that latitude and elevation have a greater influence on the Tm than the longitude. As the latitude and elevation increase, the Tm decreases, and vice versa in the polar regions.     

集成研发平台构建中的任务管理技术

企业信息化应用的推进过程一般是由点及面、由表及里。由点及面的过程,需要融合诸多"信息孤岛";由表及里的过程,需要提炼业务规则,建立业务环境,集成工具链。基于任务管理技术研究,提出一种集成研发平台构建方案,通过流程/任务库的建立,使得流程和任务得以预置和触发,提高了系统的开放性和业务综合能力,对解决涉及多个遗留(Legacy)系统的复杂业务过程集成问题,有一定的借鉴意义。     

综合模块化航空电子系统节能分层调度的设计(英文)

近年来,综合模块化航空电子(Integrated Modular Avionics,IMA)构架逐渐流行,并通过引入资源分区的概念取代了传统的联合式系统构架。研究了IMA构架下分层调度的设计问题。调度模型通过强时间分区,使多个强实时应用方便地集成在一个单处理器平台。推导出分区周期、分区系数以及可调度性在实时条件下的数学关系,并提出了分区参数的优化算法。考虑具有任意时限的实时任务模型,提高了算法的通用性。在分层调度的基础上,通过有效利用松弛时间,提出一种能量优化方法,进一步减少了飞行器上嵌入式系统的能耗。实验结果表明,本文提出的系统设计方法在保证硬实时需求的基础上,有效的降低能耗达 14%。     

基于GPS的陆地车辆跟踪与监视系统(英文)

介绍了建立在差分GPS和航位推算(DR)组合基础上的低成本陆地车辆跟踪与监视系统.从低成本角度出发,文中提出了采用单方向通讯数据链的新方案。为了保证定位精度,给出了差分GPS算法,并且详细研究了一个8状态的Kalman滤波器.最后使用两台C/A码GPS接收 机进行野外跑车试验.结果表明,差分定位精度小于5m.     

基于天文观测技术的惯性导航系统的空中对准

提出了一种基于CCD星敏感器的捷联惯性导航系统的空中对准方法.应用双线性方程求解被观测星在星敏感器坐标系中的坐标值及传统最小二乘微分校正法求解捷联惯性导航的姿态,该姿态值与捷联惯性导航解算姿态的差值就是惯性导航系统的失准角.作为Kalman滤波器的观测量,计算机仿真结果表明,天文姿态信息有效地校正了陀螺漂移和初始失准角引起的位置和速度误差.     

转台转速周期性波动的自适应抑制技术

惯导测试设备(转台)的转速性能对惯性元器件和导航系统的性能测试有着重要影响,转台控制系统中存在的各种周期性扰动会造成转速的周期性波动,严重影响转台速率性能的提高.本文分析了该类设备转速周期性波动产生的机理,并针对周期性扰动幅度难以确定的特征,提出了一种基于非线性自适应控制理论的抑制方法和系统实现方案,该方法能有效抑制因周期性扰动而产生的周期性速率波动,提高转台的速率性能.转台实验表明,该方法对设备中存在的周期性转速波动具有明显的抑制效果.     

BeiDou-3 orbit and clock quality of the IGS Multi-GNSS Pilot Project

Within the Multi-GNSS Pilot Project (MGEX) of the International GNSS Service (IGS), precise orbit and clock products for the BeiDou-3 global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) are routinely generated by a total of five analysis centers. The processing standards and specific properties of the individual products are reviewed and the BDS-3 orbit and clock product performance is assessed through direct inter-comparison, satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals, clock stability analysis, and precise point positioning solutions. The orbit consistency evaluated by the signal-in-space range error is on the level of 4–8 cm for the medium Earth orbit satellites whereas SLR residuals have RMS values between 3 and 9 cm. The clock analysis reveals sytematic effects related to the elevation of the Sun above the orbital plane for all ACs pointing to deficiencies in solar radiation pressure modeling. Nevertheless, precise point positioning with the BDS-3 MGEX orbit and clock products results in 3D RMS values between 7 and 8 mm.     

PINS静基座对准中的理论与算法的研究

分析了平台式惯导系统(PINS)静基座条件下的可观测性,采用系统可观测矩阵的条件数来定量计算PINS静基座可观测性能,找出该条件下的可观测矩阵条件数最小的3个不可观测变量.采用了自适应Kalman算法和常规Kalman算法对简化模型进行了仿真比较.仿真结果表明前者比后者滤波收敛快.进而提出了一种基于Elman神经网络的快速对准方法.     

多径干扰下GPS/INS跟踪环路的一种高斯码相位鉴别器

针对载体在多径信号的影响下,传统码相位鉴别器不能实时有效鉴别出码相位误差,提出一种高斯码相位鉴别器构建方法。在GPS/INS深组合模式中,接收机码相位鉴别器的构建将改变传统设计方法。INS系统利用GPS接收机产生的即时码相位信息,建立INS系统码相位鉴别器,该INS码相位鉴别器用于辅助GPS接收机码相位鉴别器,构建高斯码相位鉴别器,有效降低码相位跟踪误差。仿真结果表明,与传统的码鉴相器相比,高斯码相位鉴别器减小了噪声方差,能有效提高鉴相精度,从而在多径干扰下提高定位精度。