基于超静定配平的机动载荷控制风洞试验

介绍了俯仰机动载荷减缓(MLA)在某运输类飞机缩比风洞试验模型上的应用,旨在通过风洞试验研究一种基于超静定配平原理的机动载荷控制方法。首先,对模型飞机纵向超静定配平方法进行了研究并从理论上揭示通过其减缓机动载荷的基本原理;然后,依据超静定配平原理设计了MLA控制律,通过反馈模型飞机等效过载驱动副翼偏转减小机翼载荷,同时偏转升降舵来保持飞机的俯仰机动性能;最后,依次实施了超静定配平试验,气动伺服弹性稳定性试验以及机动载荷减缓试验,分别用以确定MLA控制律参数,检查控制系统稳定性以及获取俯仰机动时的系统响应。试验结果表明:在MLA控制律作用下,机翼根部弯矩增量比MLA控制律关闭时减小了10%以上,而模型飞机的俯仰机动性能基本保持不变;MLA控制律的加入使控制增稳系统稳定性略有下降;通过超静定配平试验确定MLA控制参数的方法有效提升了MLA控制律设计可靠性,使翼根弯矩减缓量接近目标值。研究工作为运输类飞机的机动载荷控制设计与试验提供了一种可行途径。     

某飞行器用紧固件拧紧力矩与预紧力关系研究

分析了某飞行器部段连接紧固件拧紧力矩与预紧力的关系,以M8、M10规格钛合金紧固件为研究对象,着重研究了钛合金紧固件在飞行器部段实际安装环境下,安装次数对拧紧力矩与预紧力的影响,以及扭拉系数随安装次数的变化规律.研究结果表明:当螺栓的预紧力达到10％Fmax～50％Fmax(Fmax为螺栓的理论破坏拉力值)时,钛合金紧固件螺纹副的拧紧力矩与预紧力呈良好的线性关系;随着反复拧入次数的增加,达到相同的预紧力时,所需的拧紧力矩呈现递增的变化规律,其扭拉系数也明显呈递增变化趋势.     

A new steering approach for VSCMGs with high precision

A new variable speed control moment gyro (VSCMG) steering law is proposed in order to achieve higher torque precision. The dynamics of VSCMGs is established, and two work modes are then designed according to command torque:control momentum gyro (CMG)/reaction wheel (RW) hybrid mode for the large torque case and RW single mode for the small. When working in the CMG/RW hybrid mode, the steering law deals with the gimbal dead-zone nonlinearity through compensation by RW sub-mode. This is in contrast to the conventional CMG singularity avoidance and wheel speed equalization, as well as the proof of definitely hyperbolic singular property of the CMG sub-mode. When working in the RW single mode, the motion of gimbals will be locked. Both the transition from CMG/RW hybrid mode to RW single mode and the reverse are studied. During the transition, wheel speed equalization and singularity avoidance of both the CMG and RW sub-modes are considered. A steering law for the RWs with locked gimbals is presented. It is shown by simulations that the VSCMGs with this new steering law could reach a better torque precision than the normal CMGs in the case of both large and small torques.     

基于双框架控制力矩陀螺的航天器动量管理

为减小维持大型航天器的姿态稳定和降低能量消耗的动量管理中的扰动力矩对姿态稳定的干扰,设计了周期性抑制滤波器。姿态控制的执行机构采用双框架控制力矩陀螺群（DGCMGs）,应用KENNEL操纵率,使航天器执行机构的角动量在本体系的x轴分量和偏航角可达稳定,同时角动量在本体系的z轴分量和滚转角可在较小的范围内振荡。数值仿真结果验证了方案的可行性。     

Singularity analysis for single gimbal control moment gyroscope system using space expansion method

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability. The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis. Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.     

一种计算二维图象矩的神经网络方法

提出一种计算二维图象矩的神经网络方法，首先，导出一维信号矩与一维Ｈａｄａｍａｒｄ变换之间的关系。通过２Ｎ－一维Ｈａｄａｍａｒｄ变换和极少量加法，移位及乘法运行可计算二维图象矩。然后给出用Ｔａｎｋ－Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ神经网络实现Ｈａｄａｍａｒｄ变换的方法，并对该网络作了改进。     

一种高效的基于可靠性的多学科设计优化方法(英文)

Design for modem engineering system is becoming multidisciplinary and incorporates practical uncertainties; therefore, it is necessary to synthesize reliability analysis and the multidisciplinary design optimization （MDO） techniques for the design of complex engineering system. An advanced first order second moment method-based concurrent subspace optimization approach is proposed based on the comparison and analysis of the existing multidisciplinary optimization techniques and the reliability analysis methods. It is seen through a canard configuration optimization for a three-surface transport that the proposed method is computationally efficient and practical with the least modification to the current deterministic optimization process.     

导弹大迎角下非线性诱导滚转力矩数值研究简

 采用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟方法,研究战术导弹大迎角状态下涡破裂导致滚转力矩随迎角非线性增长引起舵面控制能力不足的现象。首先通过标准模型的数值分析,验证了所采用的CFD方法具有三角翼前缘涡破裂现象的捕捉能力;然后采用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程对某“++”字正常布局导弹构型（含弹翼、弹身、尾舵和整流罩等）进行了数值模拟,结果显示亚声速状态下滚转力矩在迎角大于20°时出现非线性增长,导致全动尾舵的滚转控制能力不足。通过分解各部件对滚转力矩的贡献,并分析流场结构,探明了该现象发生的流动机理,其主要原因是：随着迎角的增长,弹体迎风面的尾舵前缘涡首先发生破裂,导致其平衡诱导滚转力矩的作用被削弱。     

高超声速风洞多天平测力试验技术研究

在同一次试验中通过安装多台天平测量多个部件气动力,可以更加详细地了解飞行器的气动特性,并可以降低试验成本、提高试验效率。多天平测力技术在亚跨超声速风洞中应用已经非常成熟。但是,在高超声速风洞中,由于模型尺寸小、来流温度高,多天平的布局比较困难,所以目前国内在高超声速风洞中进行的多天平测力试验相对较少。为满足型号研制的需要,在 CARDC 超高速所的Φ1m 高超声速风洞上开展了多天平测力试验技术研究。选取某飞行器的3个控制舵为研究对象。针对试验模型径向尺寸小,而轴向尺寸相对较大的特点,确定采用铰链力矩天平轴线与测量舵转轴互相垂直的“纵轴式”布局方式;采用合理的小型化六分量天平结构形式,升降舵天平测量元件的长、宽、高尺寸为20mm×20mm×25mm;为更加真实地模拟天平的工作状态,设计了专用的加载头,并采用单元加载和组合加载相结合的方法进行校准,校准结果表明,天平主要分量的静校准度均在0．7％以内;在采取温度补偿措施之后,零点漂移明显减小;采用了天平-舵偏角变换装置一体化设计,有效提高了定位和安装精度。在Φ1m 高超声速风洞上开展的 Ma＝5条件下的风洞试验结果表明,采用的多天平测力试验技术是可行的,可以应用到高超声速风洞测力试验中。     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.