突风气象条件下电动飞机电推进系统 PI控制参数的设定方法

电动飞机电推进系统采用高效永磁同步电机作为主驱动,配备矢量控制器。飞机在巡航过程中不可避免地会遭遇突风,影响飞机的稳定飞行。通过建立电动飞机在巡航阶段遭遇突风时的空气动力学模型和电推进系统的动态响应数学模型,并对模型进行求解,给出了突风气象条件下电推进系统速度PI控制参数的设定方法。以某双座电动飞机的电推进系统为研究对象,采用MATLAB仿真和样机地面试验对速度PI控制进行了仿真分析和试验测试,对比了未考虑和考虑突风气象条件下的速度PI控制器的动态特性。仿真和样机试验结果表明:当飞机遭遇突风时,采用考虑突风气象条件的速度PI控制参数可以有效地降低螺旋桨的转速波动范围。     

阵风减缓系统传感器失效影响研究

阵风减缓系统可以有效降低机翼的阵风载荷,然而由于系统本身以及失效模式中存在大量不确定性,极大地增加了设计和审定的复杂程度。通过蒙特卡洛方法研究了阵风减缓系统传感器卡死失效的影响,考虑阵风输入和失效传感器的不确定性,以通用运输机模型为算例,分别在时域和频域内对1-cosine离散阵风和冯·卡门谱连续湍流的翼尖加速度响应进行了仿真计算,给出了在系统正常工作和失效时翼尖加速度最大/最小值以及功率谱密度均方根的概率分布。为阵风减缓系统的适航符合性验证及审定中系统失效影响分析提供了指导方法和技术支持。     

Application of Active Flow Control Technique for Gust Load Alleviation

A new gust load alleviation technique is presented in this paper based on active flow control. Numerical studies are conducted to investigate the beneficial effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil using arrays of jets during the gust process. Based on unsteady Navier-Stokes equations, the grid-velocity method is introduced to simulate the gust influence, and dynamic response in vertical gust flow perturbation is investigated for the airfoil as well. An unsteady surface transpiration boundary condition is enforced over a user specified portion of the airfoil’s surface to emulate the time dependent velocity boundary conditions. Firstly, after applying this method to simulate typical NACA0006 airfoil gust response to a step change in the angle of attack, it shows that the indicial responses of the airfoil make good agreement with the exact theoretical values and the calculated values in references. Furthermore, gust response characteristic for the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil is analyzed. Five kinds of flow control techniques are introduced as steady blowing, steady suction, unsteady blowing, unsteady suction and synthetic jets. The physical analysis of the influence on the effects of gust load alleviation is proposed to provide some guidelines for practice. Numerical results have indicated that active flow control technique,as a new technology of gust load alleviation, can affect and suppress the fluid disturbances caused by gust so as to achieve the purpose of gust load alleviation.     

阵风发生装置流场测量与分析

以小型阵风发生装置为研究对象,采用二维热线风速仪,测量了不同工况下的阵风装置流场参数,给出了二维热线仪测量方案和在线角度修正方法,以及阵风幅值和波形稳定性计算方法。结果表明：采用风洞在线角度修正,可以提高二维热线的y向测量精度和测试效率;采用波形相位分析方法,可以满足阵风发生器产生的周期性波形的幅值和流场脉动量分析;阵风幅值与4～15Hz的叶栅摆动频率、8°～30°的叶栅摆动角度、50～100mm的叶栅弦长成正比关系;阵风波形的不稳定性（等相位速度脉动量）与叶栅摆动角度、来流速度有一定的线性关系,在本试验范围内随叶栅摆动角度、来流速度的增加而增加,同时,适当的叶栅摆动频率可以降低叶栅的波形不稳定性。研究结论对阵风发生装置研制及其流场测量具有一定的参考意义。     

基于CFD降阶模型的阵风减缓主动控制研究

飞行器飞行时会受到大气紊流的影响,降低飞行品质。阵风减缓控制是改善飞行器飞行性能的关键技术。现有的阵风响应分析多以离散阵风为研究对象,对更加真实描述大气紊流的连续型阵风时域分析关注较少。采用成形滤波器方法将频域形式给出的大气紊流信号转换为时域信号。在跨声速区域内,利用系统辨识技术,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立阵风激励下的气动载荷状态空间降阶模型(ROM)。为方便控制器设计,借助平衡模态法进行模型的进一步降阶。使用模型预测控制(MPC)算法通过控制操纵面偏转实现阵风减缓主动控制。以AGARD445.6标模作为仿真算例,验证基于ROM设计的阵风减缓控制律的有效性。仿真结果表明,在跨声速飞行状态下,模型预测控制器能够在满足操纵面偏转范围的约束下,对连续阵风激励下的翼根弯矩输出进行有效抑制。     

飞机运行低空气象环境仿真建模分析

低空风切变和阵风是影响飞机运行的特殊的大气环境,对飞机的安全运行造成很大的危害。阐述了风切变、阵风等影响飞机飞行安全的低空气象环境的概念,种类以及各自的特点,设计开发了一个基于Matlab的仿真平台,采用工程建模的方法,实现对微下击暴流和阵风的模拟仿真。通过仿真的结果,分析出不同气象环境对飞机的影响。     

Aeroelastic dynamic response of elastic aircraft with consideration of two-dimensional discrete gust excitation

Design loads generally require a one-dimensional discrete gust profile without consideration of the spanwise effect, and this profile cannot represent the true gust field exactly. For a high aspect ratio aircraft, two-dimensional gusts may cause critical load conditions, and approaches for calculating dynamic responses under two-dimensional discrete gust excitation are rarely presented. In this paper, a spanwise non-uniform vertical discrete gust field is established based on a one-dimensional ‘1-cos’ gust profile in reference to a DARPA proposal, while frequency and hybrid approaches to the dynamic response analysis of flexible aircraft under this two-dimensional gust excitation are presented. Solution techniques have been applied to a high aspect ratio aircraft to assess the different response characteristics with a comparison between one-dimensional and two-dimensional discrete gust field conditions. The results show that the two-dimensional discrete gust model produces a higher bending moment than that of the one-dimensional condition. Therefore, the critical load conditions that are derived from the two-dimensional discrete gust for high aspect ratio aircraft should be seriously considered. According to the analysis, an active control scheme to alleviate the bending loads caused by the two-dimensional gust is designed, and alleviation effects in different gust conditions are compared.     

阵风/叶栅干涉噪声的一种前馈控制策略研究

 基于反问题的研究思路,探讨了阵风/ 叶栅干涉噪声的一种前馈式主动控制策略。具体研究思路是试图通过在静子叶栅表面引入附加的“二次级声源”,精确地消去所感兴趣区域的声音,二次级声源强度基于阵风/ 叶栅干涉气动声学反问题模型获得,并通过数值实验的方法探寻了二次级声源合理布放策略。研究结果不仅证实了在叶栅表面布放偶极子声源的可行性,而且提出了在尽量不影响气动性能前提下的前馈主动噪声控制方法。     

运输类飞机阵风载荷与机动载荷识别算法

针对运输类飞机的飞行特点,基于姿态角和相关重心过载参数变化,提出了运输类飞机的阵风与机动载荷识别算法。利用Matlab进行算法编程,通过实测载荷数据实例,验证了该算法的有效性,为新机结构可靠性设计和全尺寸疲劳试验提供了参考数据。     

FL-12风洞突风试验装置研制

论述了在FL-12风洞研制的垂直和水平两种突风发生器,两者都是通过电机驱动凸轮、凸轮带动连杆使叶片摆动,改变电机的转速和凸轮的偏心距来产生叶片不同的频率和振幅,同时还介绍了两种突风发生器的优缺点、安装方法以及减振隔振措施.通过突风流场的测量,得出:突风区域内左右和上下位置突风流场变化较小,前后位置突风流场变化规律为离叶片越近,正弦规律越明显,突风流场越纯正;离叶片越远,正弦风速受干扰越大,突风流场越不纯正;正弦突风流场的风速幅值与来流风速、叶片个数、叶片摆动频率和测点距叶片的风洞轴向距离有关,并且都是正相关的关系.最后简要介绍了突风响应及减缓两期试验,试验结果表明:突风发生器能产生均匀的垂直和水平突风流场,突风频率和强度均可满足弹性模型突风试验要求,FL-12风洞具备了突风响应试验研究技术.