基于OpenGL的飞行器超低空追击/拦截三维可视化仿真系统

研究了一种基于OpenGL实现飞行器超低空追击／拦截三维可视化仿真系统的方法。首先利用3DSMAX软件构建大翼展无人机、武装直升机及机场的三维模型,并将其转换成OpenGL程序,从而降低了直接利用OpenGL构建复杂模型的难度,减小了建模的工作量。在实现三维动画驱动的同时还可进行人机交互控制,然后利用OpenGL建立飞行场景的三维模型,最终以三维动画仿真的方式从各个不同的角度来实现飞行器起飞、超低空追击／拦截、向敌机发射导弹和返航着陆的三维视景。结果表明,该三维仿真系统符合仿真系统三维化的发展趋势和虚拟现实的要求,具有较高的应用价值。     

用于交互式计算机图形显示的教学软件系统

人和计算机之间的直观会话是CAD/CAM技术的基础。因此,交互式计算机图形显示这一课程教学乃是CAD/CAM技术教育的重要组成部分之一。本文所提供的教学软件系统包括了交互式计算机图形显示的基本内容。该软件系统不仅可以用于技术演示,而且可供学员自己进行实验学习,并具有方便和直观的特点。这个教学软件系统运行于IBM-PC微机及其兼容机,易于推广普及。     

图形创意教学中创意过程的解析

图形创意是感性与理性的结合,感性的创意表现和理性的思维过程相辅相成,共同推动优秀设计作品的诞生。从主题的起点发散、构思的松弛有度,到构思深入的再现,最后回归到主题的验证,这一系列过程构成了整个图形创意的过程。     

初探制图技能训练

本文针对工程制图的实践性环节的某些偏见，阐述了制图技能训练的重要性。并提出和尝试了几点行之有效的做法。     

智能高分辨率彩色图形控制系统的研究

本文论述一种自行设计与实现的彩色图形系统NHGCB。这是一种具有多处理机智能环境采用视频存贮器分体技术的高性能图形控制系统。它以INTEL 82720 GDC为核心,并自含单片机子系统,既可以独立成为一个智能图形系统显示各种彩色图形;又可与微机一起构成一个多处理机图形处理系统。NHGCB支持最大1024×1024分辨率,可同时显示16/4096种颜色。     

三维编织复合材料宏细观结构的计算机图形模拟

从三维编织复合材料的编织工艺——四步法入手，分析了纱线的空间位置，利用计算机较为精确地模拟织物的宏观结构。采用合理的单胞划分的方法，对该宏观模型进行剖分，获得了较精确的织物细观结构，得到了有关细观结构的一些重要规律，以便于下一步对编织复合材料进行力学分析。     

Adaptive leader–follower formation control for swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles with motion constraints and unknown disturbances

In this paper, the 3D leader–follower formation control problem, which focuses on swarms of fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with motion constraints and disturbances, has been investigated. Original formation errors of the follower UAVs have been transformed into the Frenet-Serret frame. Formation control laws satisfying five motion constraints (i.e., linear velocity, linear acceleration, heading rate, climb rate and climb angle) have been designed. The convergence of the control laws has been discussed via the Lyapunov stability tool. In addition, to address the unknown disturbances, an adaptive disturbance observer is exploited. Furthermore, formation control laws involving estimated disturbances are presented as well. The collision avoidance between UAVs is achieved with the artificial potential method. Simulation results obtained using four scenarios verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in situations with constant disturbances and varying disturbances, as well as without disturbances.     

On developing data-driven turbulence model for DG solution of RANS

High-order Discontinuous Galerkin(DG) methods have been receiving more and more attentions in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) because of their high-accuracy property. However, it is still a challenge to obtain converged solution rapidly when solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equations since the turbulence models significantly increase the nonlinearity of discretization system. The overall goal of this research is to develop an Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs) model with low complexity acting as an algebraic turbulence model to estimate the turbulence eddy viscosity for RANS. The ANN turbulence model is off-line trained using the training data generated by the widely used Spalart–Allmaras(SA) turbulence model before the Optimal Brain Surgeon(OBS) is employed to determine the relevancy of input features.Using the selected relevant features, a fully connected ANN model is constructed. The performance of the developed ANN model is numerically tested in the framework of DG for RANS, where the‘‘DG+ANN" method provides robust and steady convergence compared to the ‘‘DG+SA" method. The results demonstrate the promising potential to develop a general turbulence model based on artificial intelligence in the future given the training data covering a large rang of flow conditions.     

Optimal satellite formation reconfiguration actuated by inter-satellite electromagnetic forces

The inter-satellite electromagnetic forces generated by the magnetic dipoles on neighboring satellites provide an attractive control actuation alternative for satellite formation flight due to the prominent advantages of no propellant consumption or plume contamination. However, the internal force nature as well as the inherent high nonlinearity and coupling of electromagnetic forces bring unique dynamic characteristics and challenges. This paper investigates the nonlinear translational dynamics, trajectory planning and control of formation reconfiguration actuated by inter-satellite electromagnetic forces. The nonlinear translational dynamic model is derived by utilizing analytical mechanics theory; and analysis on the dynamic characteristics is put forward. Optimal reconfiguration trajectories of electromagnetic force actuated formation are studied by applying optimal control theory and the Gauss pseudospectral method. Considering the high nonlinearity and uncertainty in the dynamic model, an inner-and-outer loop combined control strategy based on feedback linearization theory and adaptive terminal sliding mode control is proposed with finite-time convergence capability and good robust performance. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed translational model, reconfiguration trajectory optimization approach and control strategy.     

Rethinking public–private space travel

On May 24, 2012 SpaceX's Dragon capsule was launched and in doing so became the first commercially built vehicle to berth with and carry cargo to the International Space Station (ISS). It successfully completed its mission and returned to the Pacific Ocean on May 31, 2012.¹ The docking of Dragon represented a historic moment where a commercial enterprise managed to achieve that which had previously only been accomplished by governments. “In the history of spaceflight – only four entities have launched a space capsule into orbit and successfully brought it back to Earth: the United States, Russia, China, and SpaceX”.² While this is a monumental accomplishment for private industry, we cannot ignore the value of public–private partnerships and the role that government played in enabling this incredible achievement.In this paper I will examine how public–private partnerships are enabling the development of the commercial space industry, viewed through the lens of the Rethinking Business Institutional Hybrid Framework put forward by University of Oxford professors Marc Ventresca and Alex Nichols in their Rethinking Business MBA course. I intend to demonstrate that the NASA versus Commercial Space argument is a false dichotomy and that only by working together can both sectors continue to push the boundaries of space travel and exploration. I plan to do this by first discussing how the NASA-SpaceX partnership came about and the reasoning behind it. I will then explore what a public–private partnership (PPP) is, as compared to other government privatization schemes, and explain why Space Act Agreements are significantly different from anything done previously. I will then analyze the impact of these agreements and outline their benefits in order to demonstrate the value they create, especially in areas of mutual value creation and economic development.