大学英语精读课程中任务型教学的探讨与实践

从任务的定义出发,探索其产生的理论背景,并用英国语言学家Jane W illis的任务教学模式来指导大学一年级非英语专业学生的精读课教学,进一步探讨任务型教学的可行性。     

Fe2+对碳钢硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀行为的影响

对比分析了Q235钢在无Fe2+的接菌培养基和Fe2浓度为30mg/L的接菌培养基中的腐蚀行为.使用光学显微镜跟踪观察Q235钢在两种介质中的表面形貌随时间的变化,用电化学阻抗谱研究Q235钢在两种培养基中的电化学行为.用聚焦离子束显微镜制作Q235钢在两种培养基中的腐蚀产物剖面,并用能谱对腐蚀产物进行成分分析.对电化学阻抗谱所得结果进行拟合,结果表明,Fe2会使Q235钢表面形成的生物膜电阻降低,电容升高,Q235钢反应电阻保持较低,从而使反应持续进行,铁不断溶解.培养基中加入30mg/L的Fe2+后,Q235钢表面附着的细菌显著增多,形成的生物膜厚而疏松,膜中混合有腐蚀产物硫化物,膜下的金属出现众多微小的点蚀.电化学阻抗谱拟合结果与形貌观察及成分分析结果吻合,Fe2+对Q235钢的SRB腐蚀反应具有催化作用.     

激光微细孔加工技术及其在航空航天领域中的应用

越来越多的产品向着微型化、精密化的方向发展.促使微细孔加工技术也得到了飞速发展.本文对当前世界上利用激光加工微细孔的技术及其在航空航天领域中的应用作了介绍.     

TC4钛合金电子束焊接焦点动态变化特性研究

为了探索电子束深熔穿透焊接原理,针对20mm厚TC4钛合金中厚板材开展了电子束焊接工艺实验,分析了电子束焊接过程焦点动态变化特性,研究了焊接速度、工作距离对电子束焊接焦点动态变化特性的影响.结果表明,随着焊接速度增加,临界穿透束流增大,焦点动态变化特征曲线上移;随着工作距离的增加,动态焦点逐渐向下移动;保持其他参数恒定,随着聚焦电流增加,电子束焦点动态变化,焊缝形貌由钉形向钟罩形过渡.     

Mean solar quiet daily variations in the earth’s magnetic field along East African longitudes

Solar quiet daily (Sq) variation in the earth’s magnetic field along the East African meridian was studied using data of the H, D and Z components recorded with Magnetic Data Acquisition System of SERC. One year data recorded at ten African geomagnetic observatories was used in the analysis of worldwide solar quiet daily variation (Wsq). The study revealed that the focus of Sq (H) in the southern hemisphere lies at the boundary of low and middle latitude region. Noon-time enhancement of Sq (H) was generally noticed at all stations along the meridian, though it is latitudinal dependent in terms of magnitude as it reduces with distance from dip equator. In addition, night-time variations also occur in small magnitude along African meridian in Sq (H) and Sq (Z) which could be attributed to non-ionospheric sources. Semi-diurnal variation was noticed in Sq (D) at all stations except in AAB that is under the influence of electrojet current. Dusk sector calm condition of Sq (D) current was notice in some stations and the same condition was also noticed at dawn sector in some other stations. The usual sunrise maximum and sunset minimum for D component at stations north of dip equator as well as sunrise minimum and sunset maximum was found to increase with distance away from dip equator. Day-time perturbation of Sq current was noticed to be more pronounced in all the three field elements. Mass plots of annual mean hourly value show contrasting phase pattern about the focus in H element and the results of the variations at each region with the associated standard error. It was concluded from the result of correlation coefficients computed that different currents system flowing in opposite directions could be responsible for contrasting patterns.     

远焦区聚焦性能分析与改善

传统聚焦测度函数在远焦区对图像高频能量解析性能较差;表现为聚焦曲线在远焦区呈现非单调性.利用傅里叶变换方法对图像频谱进行分析:在远焦区,聚焦图像序列的直流分量表现出强烈的波动性,并且直流分量在图像频谱中占据绝对比例,再加上传统聚焦函数滤除图像直流分量的能力较弱,导致误聚焦概率高.考虑到频域聚焦函数计算量大,提出基于时域的两个聚焦函数.实验结果表明:此二函数具有强的直流分量滤除能力,能有效改善聚焦曲线在远焦区的表现,同时具有高的聚焦分辨率.远焦区聚焦性能的改善对于提高显微视觉操作自动化的可靠性尤为重要.      

基于失真度评估的时变聚焦多波束形成算法

为 了在保证声呐成像质量的 前提下,缓解近场聚焦精度与计算复杂度之间的矛盾,文中提出了一种基于失真度评估的时 变聚焦多波束形成算法。首先,建立近场时变聚焦模型,将聚焦点的时间结构和半圆形阵列 的空间结构联系起来,获得了各个聚焦点精确的延时信息;其次,在兼顾波束方向图的各项 性能指标的基础上,利用二阶锥规划（Second-order cone programming, SOCP）方法设计 了各个聚焦点的最优权值;最后,构建散焦波束失真度的评估模型,并在失真度阈值的约束 下,合理地选择了几个必要的聚焦面。仿真和测试结果表明,该算法减轻了硬件计算和存储 的压力,提高了工程的可实现性,而且对复杂多变的探测场景取得了很好的成像效果。     

自锁阀激光焊接工艺研究

研究了自锁阀激光焊接焦点位置与焊缝熔深之间的关系、焊接速度和激光功率与焊缝熔深之间的关系,分析了随着激光功率增加,不同焦点位置的焊接过程依次经历稳定热导焊,热导焊、深熔焊交替进行的不稳定焊接和稳定深熔焊接三种模式,进而研究了稳定焊接模式下工艺参数与焊缝熔深之间的关系,得出了自锁阀在稳定焊接模式下的最佳焊接工艺规范参数.采用该激光焊接工艺规范焊接的常压和高压自锁阀焊缝外观质量、气密、液压以及焊缝氦质谱检漏试验结果全部满足设计要求.常压和高压自锁阀已经应用于嫦娥五号、探月工程、东风导弹武器系统、货运飞船、921-3推进分系统、东方红三号等推进系统的液体火箭发动机之中.     

Hesperides: Solar/nuclear missions to the Sun׳s inner gravity focus

The Sun?s gravity focus at >550 AU is of interest to astrophysicists including SETI scientists, researchers seeking to image extra-solar planets and others. One method for an extra-solar probe to reach the Sun?s inner gravity focus within a human working lifetime (less than 50 years) is to combine solar and nuclear propulsion techniques. Here, we present a non-optimized probe concept including state-of-the-art solar-sail, radioisotope-electric propulsion and giant-planet gravity assists. Application of radioisotope propulsion allows some cross range capability during and after the powered and cruise phases of the flight to >600 AU. Such a capability is likely necessary to fully utilize the solar gravitational lens effect for SETI and astrophysical observations.     

利用图像相关法精确测量3D-CT成像系统焦距

对于实际的3D-CT成像系统,射线源焦点和物体旋转轴中心的位置不能直接测量,如何采取简单易行的方法精确测量二者之间的距离(即系统焦距)成为一项工程技术难点.通过双圆目标体二次成像获得射线数字成像(DR,Digital Radiography)图像,对各DR图像进行自相关处理,获得双圆投影中心距,再通过解析方法求解出系统焦距值.实验结果表明,测量精度达到了实际扫描系统的重建要求.该方法实现简单, 具有较强的抗噪能力,可实现自动测量.