Static magnetic field analysis of hollow-cup motor model and bow-shaped permanent magnet design

The hollow-cup Permanent Magnet (PM) motors have the characteristics of low power consumption, and are widely used in the aerospace field. At present, the tile-shaped PMs used by hollow-cup PM motors have poor sinusoidal characteristics of the air gap magnetic flux density waveform, which will cause torque ripple. The existing method for improving the air gap magnetic flux density waveform is not very effective when applied to hollow cup, a special motor with no stator core and large air gap. A bow-shaped PMs structure is designed for the hollow-cup motor in this paper. First, the equivalent surface current method is used to calculate the analytical formula of the static magnetic field of the model. Then, the Finite Element (FE) method is used to calculate the static air gap flux density waveform of conventional tile-shaped PMs and bow-shaped PMs with different bow heights, and the corresponding harmonics and sine distortion are obtained by Fourier decomposition. The simulation results show that the bow-shaped PMs can effectively improve the sinusoidal characteristics of the static air gap flux density waveform. And the suitable bow height is determined. Finally, a prototype is made based on the suitable bow height for experiments, and compared with the analytical result and the FE result, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the bow-shaped PMs with the suitable bow height are verified.     

Z-源稀疏矩阵变换器励磁的双馈风力发电系统

针对矩阵变换器电压传输比低和其励磁的双馈风力发电系统(DFIG)易受非正常输入波动影响的不足,提出了一种适用于DFIG励磁的Z-源稀疏矩阵变换器系统。利用Z-源的升压特性来提高电压传输比,检测电容电压实现对直通因子的自动调节,从而实现对网侧波动的自动抑制。建立了系统数学模型,推导了DFIG系统定子磁场定向矢量控制策略表达式,搭建试验样机对所提方案进行试验验证,在亚同步、同步、超同步三种发电状态下的波形和并网试验结果验证了方案的可行和有效性。     

Exploring the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on urban cooling: A tale of three cities

COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on our society, environment and public health, in both positive and negative ways. The main aim of this study is to monitor the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on urban cooling. To do so, satellite images of Landsat 8 for Milan and Rome in Italy, and Wuhan in China were used to look at pre-lockdown and during the lockdown. First, the surface biophysical characteristics for the pre-lockdown and within-lockdown dates of COVID-19 were calculated. Then, the land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from Landsat thermal data was normalized based on cold pixels LST and statistical parameters of normalized LST (NLST) were calculated. Thereafter, the correlation coefficient (r) between the NLST and index-based built-up index (IBI) was estimated. Finally, the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) of different cities on the lockdown and pre-lockdown periods was compared with each other. The mean NLST of built-up lands in Milan (from 7.71 °C to 2.32 °C), Rome (from 5.05 °C to 3.54 °C) and Wuhan (from 3.57 °C to 1.77 °C) decreased during the lockdown dates compared to pre-lockdown dates. The r (absolute value) between NLST and IBI for Milan, Rome and Wuhan decreased from 0.43, 0.41 and 0.16 in the pre-lockdown dates to 0.25, 0.24, and 0.12 during lockdown dates respectively, which shows a large decrease for all cities. Analysis of SUHI for these cities showed that SUHII during the lockdown dates compared to pre-lockdown dates decreased by 0.89 °C, 1.78 °C, and 1.07 °C respectively. The results indicated a high and substantial impact of anthropogenic activities and anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) on the SUHI due to the substantial reduction of huge anthropogenic pressure in cities. Our conclusions draw attention to the contribution of COVID-19 lockdowns (reducing the anthropogenic activities) to creating cooler cities.     

遥感卫星多路数据传输系统同频共用方法

为节省频率资源，遥感卫星通常采用扩频体制实现多路数据的同频共用传输，针对通道间容易引起相互干扰的问题进行了研究，通过改进码分多址干扰估算模型，对采用平衡Gold码序列扩频系统抗干扰容限上界进行预测。在满足国际电信联盟（ITU）对卫星辐射功率通量密度约束条件下，提出了一种基于直接序列扩频体制的两路业务数据同频共用传输方法。仿真结果表明：当载波频率2GHz左右，两路辐射源的EIRP之差不大于8～15dBw时可以实现同频共用传输；如对信号扩频带宽进行差异化处理，则其相互兼容性还可进一步提高。     

一种混合励磁开关磁通永磁记忆电机设计与调磁性能分析

设计了一种混合励磁开关磁通永磁记忆电机,利用Ansoft Maxwell 2D仿真软件建立了其电机模型,分析了其电机运行原理。采用有限元分析方法,对电机的调磁特性进行了探究,给出了铝镍钴永磁体处于不同磁化状态时的磁力线分布、相磁链曲线、反电动势曲线、磁通密度分布曲线和转矩波形曲线。仿真结果表明,该电机相较于常规永磁同步电机具有良好的调磁性能。     

陶瓷基复合材料旋转爆震燃烧室壁面冷却研究

为了降低旋转爆震发动机燃烧室壁面温度，设计了陶瓷基复合材料燃烧室主动冷却结构。对燃烧室主动冷却结构的传热特性进行数值模拟，获得主动冷却燃烧室壁面温度响应和温度分布规律。对燃烧室主动冷却结构进行了模型简化，将模拟旋转爆震波获得的不同壁面温度下的热流密度参数加载在冷却模型上，提高了壁面温度模拟的计算效率。结果表明：燃烧室内壁面热流密度随着壁面温度的升高而降低，扩散区的平均热流密度最大；陶瓷基复合材料燃烧室主动冷却结构可以有效降低燃烧室壁面温度，在相同冷却流量下，矩形冷却截面的冷却效果优于圆形冷却截面，可以将燃烧室壁面的温度降到1 200 K以下；燃烧室壁面最高温度在燃烧室中段区域。