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11.
电子对撞机运行过程中,会产生很多同步辐射热,这些热量均通过束流管冷却系统散失出去.针对束流管冷却这个关键技术难题,研制了一种全新的基于模块化的主动式液体冷却系统;通过合理的分析与简化,应用集总参数法建立了束流管冷却系统的温度动态特性模型,导出了并联调节阀流量特性的数学方程;根据模型给出了相应的模糊控制策略,并在此基础上对束流管冷却系统的控制策略进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明:采用模糊控制策略的冷却系统具有稳定、超调小的特点,优于传统的比例积分微分(PID)控制策略,能很好地满足电子对撞机的要求,并可以据此指导工程设计. 相似文献
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叙述了为提高数据传输可靠性,在接收精密仪器所采集的数据过程中考虑将原有RS232串口通信,改进为USB接口通讯。但是接收到的信号出现了不明原因的周期性强干扰。为此,通过分析USB/RS232转换原理及A/D采集输出数据特点,对原软件的数据采集部分增补了具有特殊功能的子程序,使得应用程序可以自行恢复数据的完整性。此方法具有通用性,可在不同软件编辑环境中实现,且不影响硬件组成。文中又详细介绍了在薄膜厚度在线测量中应用上述USB接口通信的情况,实测结果表明试验取得了预想的效果。改进后的电容测量系统具有更为广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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Timothy G. Hawarden Robert Crane Harley A. Thronson Jr. Alan J. Penny Anna H. Orlowska Thomas W. Bradshaw 《Space Science Reviews》1995,74(1-2):45-56
The designs of cold space telescopes, cryogenic and radiatively cooled, are similar in most elements and both benefit from orbits distant from the Earth. In particular such orbits allow the anti-sunward side of radiatively-cooled spacecraft to be used to provide large cooling radiators for the individual radiation shields. Designs incorporating these features have predictedT
tel near 20 K. The attainability of such temperatures is supported by limited practical experience (IRAS, COBE). Supplementary cooling systems (cryogens, mechanical coolers) can be advantageously combined with radiative cooling in hybrid designs to provide robustness against deterioration and yet lower temperatures for detectors, instruments, and even the whole telescope. The possibility of such major additional gains is illustrated by the Very Cold Telescope option under study forEdison, which should offerT
tel5 K for a little extra mechanical cooling capacity. 相似文献
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DU Xin-kang WANG Tian-min WANG Cong CHEN Bu-liang ZHOU Long 《中国航空学报》2007,20(2):140-144
Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature. 相似文献
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The 2D kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation was used to study the effects of different substrate temperatures on the microstruc-ture of Ni-Cr films in the process of deposition by the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In the KMC model, substrate was assumed to be a “surface” of tight-packed rows, and the simulation includes two phenomena: adatom-surface collision and adatom diffusion. While the interaction between atoms was described by the embedded atom method, the jumping energy was calculated by the molecular static (MS) calculation. The initial location of the adatom was defined by the Momentum Scheme. The results reveal that there exists a critical substrate temperature which means that the lowest packing density and the highest surface roughness structure will be achieved when the temperature is lower than the smaller critical value, while the roughness of both surfaces and the void contents keep decreasing with the substrate temperature increasing until it reaches the higher critical value. The results also indicate that the critical substrate temperature rises as the deposition rate increases. 相似文献