Flight dynamics characteristics of canard rotor/wing aircraft in helicopter flight mode

The aerodynamic layout of the Canard Rotor/Wing(CRW) aircraft in helicopter flight mode differs significantly from that of conventional helicopters. In order to study the flight dynamics characteristics of CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, first, the aerodynamic model of the main rotor system is established based on the blade element theory and wind tunnel test results. The aerodynamic forces and moments of the canard wing, horizontal tail, vertical tail and fuselage are obtained via theoretical analysis and empirical formula. The flight dynamics model of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode is developed and validated by flight test data. Next, a method of model trimming using an optimization algorithm is proposed. The flight dynamics characteristics of the CRW are investigated by the method of linearized small perturbations via Simulink. The trim results are consistent with the conventional helicopter characteristics, and the results show that with increasing forward flight speed, the canard wing and horizontal tail can provide considerable lift,which reflects the unique characteristics of the CRW aircraft. Finally, mode analysis is implemented for the linearized CRW in helicopter mode. The results demonstrate that the stability of majority modes increases with increasing flight speed. However, one mode that diverges monotonously,and the reason is that the CRW helicopter mode has a large vertical tail compared to the conventional helicopter. The results of the dynamic analysis provide optimization guidance and reference for the overall design of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, and the model developed can be used for control system design.     

共轴刚性旋翼复合式高速直升机操纵与载荷研究

针对共轴刚性旋翼复合式高速直升机构型,分析了其操纵特点,提出两种配平操纵方式:切换操纵方式和耦合操纵方式,并分析了两种操纵方式的优缺点。从多操纵面的冗余控制出发,对耦合操纵方式的操纵规律进行了配平分析,并根据配平情况评估了旋翼和尾推桨的载荷结果。研究结果表明,共轴刚性旋翼高速直升机旋翼的总距操纵、周期操纵与飞行速度、机身俯仰角有一定关系,旋翼载荷和常规直升机相比大幅增加,同时和机身俯仰角也密切相关。     

水膜形成对轴流风扇气动影响的数值研究

为了研究水膜对风扇气动特性的影响,综合水滴碰撞壁面的参数,应用水膜方程求得叶片表面水膜方均根厚度。在数值计算中引入砂砾粗糙度模型来模拟水膜引起的叶片表面粗糙度变化。针对不同吞雨量和水滴直径条件开展数值计算。计算结果表明:水膜主要分布在叶片压力面中的前缘和叶根区域,其厚度和沉积面积随着吞雨量的增加而增大,并且水膜的存在会导致风扇压比和温比的降低。例如,当水滴直径为1000μm、吞雨量为5%时,水滴沉积面积为0.0758m2,占叶片压力面总表面积的33.91%。      

液体火箭发动机音叉式涡轮叶盘振动特性研究

某液体火箭发动机整体叶盘音叉式涡轮转子的盘-轴根部圆角在试车考核中曾多次出现裂纹故障。为分析裂纹产生原因，通过数值计算及模态实验获取了该转子受力状态、振型、阻尼比等结构振动特性。结合振动信号分析，将裂纹故障原因聚焦到叶盘的二节径型振动。通过高频速变压力测量，得到涡轮流场内压力脉动数据，间接获取了该转子工作状态下的振动特性。试验表明被测涡轮转子流场通道内，分频幅值最大压力脉动对应涡轮转子2节径前行波振动，幅值约为11kPa。分析确定涡轮叶盘二节径振动是故障产生的主要原因。     

基于转子再设计的电动汽车永磁同步电机再制造研究

随着电动汽车的发展,淘汰替换的旧电机越来越多,对旧电机的再制造研究也越发必要。通过对转子外圆优化以减小饱和磁密面积和优化气隙结构来提升电机性能,分析了不同偏心圆对电机齿槽转矩的影响规律,对比了旧电机和再制造电机的性能变化,研究了不同倒角圆对电机磁密谐波和齿槽转矩的影响趋势。结果表明电机齿槽转矩随着偏心圆的增大先增大后减小,不同倒角圆对再制造电机谐波影响较小;在额定情况下,再制造电机偏心圆为36 mm、倒角圆为4 mm时,再制造电机铁心损耗下降6.55 W/kg,再制造电机效率提高0.05%,输出转矩收缩4%,再制造电机在减小损耗提高效率的同时减小了输出转矩。     

A fully automated framework for helicopter rotor blades design and analysis including aerodynamics,structure, and manufacturing

This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects (performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects (configuration visualiza-tion and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter config-uration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representa-tion. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for real-istic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part, and materials. A number of codes and commercial software (ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, PreVABS, etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sec-tional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation of composite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory (AADL), Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.     

基于旋转滤波矩阵束的异步电机转子断条故障诊断

现有异步电机故障诊断技术存在短时数据分辨率低、硬件开销大等缺点。针对这一问题,提出一种基于短时数据的旋转滤波矩阵束的异步电机转子断条故障诊断新方法。利用矩阵束算法抗噪性能强的优点,准确求出定子电流基频成分,并通过逆、正同步旋转变换,剔除了定子电流中的基频成分。利用矩阵束算法准确估算定子电流故障信号的频率和幅值,突破传统基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)分析算法分辨率不足的限制。仿真和电机试验共同表明:旋转滤波矩阵束算法可以在短时数据的基础上准确辨识转子断条故障。     

升力偏置对共轴刚性旋翼前飞气动特性的影响

为了分析升力偏置对共轴刚性旋翼前飞气动特性的影响，建立了基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程的计算流体力学方法进行共轴旋翼流场求解，采用嵌套网格方法模拟桨叶运动，采用双时间方法进行时间推进。针对不同升力偏置状态，采用基于"差量法"的共轴旋翼高效配平策略进行操纵量配平。通过对Harrington-1旋翼性能的计算，验证了方法的有效性。对比计算了共轴刚性旋翼在不同前进比和升力偏置量下的气动性能和流场特征，结果表明：双旋翼操纵量在小前进比状态有明显差别，在大前进比状态基本一致；在相同拉力状态，随着升力偏置量的增大，共轴旋翼升阻比先升高后降低，其阻力却不断增大，不同前进比状态的最大升阻比对应的升力偏置量不同；双旋翼相遇时桨叶拉力出现脉冲式波动，由于流场被前行桨叶所主导，因此后行桨叶拉力波动幅值更大，且波动幅值随升力偏置量的增加而增大。     

共轴刚性旋翼桨毂阻力特性及流动机理

共轴刚性旋翼直升机在高速飞行时,桨毂流动复杂、分离强、阻力大。为明晰其阻力特性和流动机理,采用CFD方法针对已完成风洞试验的共轴桨毂组合模型进行数值模拟研究,获得了桨毂组合模型各单独部件的阻力、表面流动和空间流场特征,阐明了产生阻力最大的部件和影响阻力的主要因素,揭示了中间轴整流罩和塔座设计参数的减阻机制。分析结果表明:上、下旋翼桨毂是产生阻力的主要部件;中间轴和塔座的分离尾流对桨毂表面流动产生较大的干扰作用,使桨毂整流罩表面受干扰区域产生气流分离;具有较缓和逆压梯度的中间轴整流罩和塔座能有效减小分离尾流对桨毂整流罩的干扰,从而降低整个共轴桨毂系统的阻力。     

基于WENO-分段线性格式的直升机流场数值模拟

发展了一套适合于格心格式求解器的基于加权本质无振荡(WENO)-分段线性格式的旋翼/机身气动干扰高精度CFD计算方法。应用该方法对多种旋翼/机身组合模型前飞算例进行了数值模拟,计算得到的机身表面压力系数分布与实验结果吻合良好,说明了该方法对旋翼/机身气动干扰研究的有效性。之后进一步将该方法应用到悬停状态的X3构型复合式高速直升机旋翼/机翼/螺旋桨组合模型的复杂流场模拟中,并与悬停状态孤立旋翼和旋翼/机翼组合模型的流场进行了对比。研究发现:机翼对旋翼下洗流起阻滞作用,引起机翼下方不规则流动,且螺旋桨滑流与旋翼下洗流会相互干扰产生一定的偏折,旋翼下洗流速度更大,螺旋桨滑流会产生明显的向下偏折。