2.5D C/SiC复合材料带孔板拉伸破坏的多尺度模拟

为了研究2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料带孔板的拉伸破坏行为,提出一种可以模拟带孔板细观破坏过程的多尺度计算方法。该方法根据2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料的细观结构建立细观模型,通过子模型法将平板的宏观有限元模型和孔周围区域的细观有限元模型耦合在一起,然后采用渐进损伤计算方法完成带孔板破坏的多尺度模拟。计算结果表明,带孔板在拉伸载荷较低时出现初始损伤,随着载荷的加大经纱发生轴向拉伸破坏,纬纱发生横向的破坏。裂纹从孔边沿横向扩展至板的两端,最终整个板完全断裂失效。失效时的应变为0.375%,最大加载应力为221.7MPa。     

基于启发式自适应离散差分进化算法的多UCAV协同干扰空战决策

 研究了多无人作战飞机(UCAV)协同干扰空战决策(MUCJAD)问题,在干扰效能评估指标量化方法的基础上为该问题建立了优化模型。为有效求解该模型,提出一种启发式自适应离散差分进化(H-SDDE)算法。在H-SDDE算法中,设计了包含4种候选解产生策略的候选策略池,引入了候选解产生策略及其参数的自适应学习过程。此外,结合实际问题为算法设计了基于威胁度的扩展型整数编码方案、基于威胁度的启发式个体调整操作、基于约束满足的个体修复操作。在12个测试实例上进行了仿真验证,结果表明,H-SDDE算法与其他同类算法相比在求解质量和求解速度上具有明显优势,能够更好地发挥多UCAV协同干扰整体效果。     

A novel approach of testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems based on failure evolution mechanism

Prognostics and health management (PHM) significantly improves system availability and reliability, and reduces the cost of system operations. Design for testability (DFT) developed concurrently with system design is an important way to improve PHM capability. Testability modeling and analysis are the foundation of DFT. This paper proposes a novel approach of testability modeling and analysis based on failure evolution mechanisms. At the component level, the fault progression-related information of each unit under test (UUT) in a system is obtained by means of failure modes, evolution mechanisms, effects and criticality analysis (FMEMECA), and then the failure-symptom dependency can be generated. At the system level, the dynamic attributes of UUTs are assigned by using the bond graph methodology, and then the symptom-test dependency can be obtained by means of the functional flow method. Based on the failure-symptom and symptom-test dependencies, testability analysis for PHM systems can be realized. A shunt motor is used to verify the application of the approach proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this approach is able to be applied to testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems very well, and the analysis results can provide a guide for engineers to design for testability in order to improve PHM performance.     

航路网络交叉点布局规划的差分进化算法

航路交叉点布局问题（CrossingWaypointLocationProblem,CWLP）是航路网络设计的决定性问题,CWLP模型具有不可导、不可微等特性,因此不能用传统的算法对其进行处理。差分进化算法能够较好地解决航路汇聚点布局问题,在处理模型约束条件时,综合考虑各交叉点冲突约束违反程度和所有交叉点冲突数之和,将前者作为个体优劣的判断标准之一,后者转化成个体适应度,即个体的另一目标函数,求解过程中选用了动态的标准差分进化机制以确保算法的收敛性。将算法应用到北京飞行情报区航路网规划模型中,验证了算法的有效性。     

前置隔板对圆柱绕流影响的实验分析

对经典的圆柱绕流模型,运用前置隔板对流场进行控制。利用粒子图像测速(PIV)方法在自循环水槽中研究了雷诺数为1 800时,柔性和刚性2种不同刚度的前置隔板对圆柱绕流的影响。研究发现:柔性隔板自由端的弯曲增加了对流场的额外扰动,并且柔性隔板弯曲变形会诱导产生脱落涡,导致尾迹流场的主频发生变化。在圆柱下游流场,无隔板工况与柔性隔板工况的回流区长度相当,刚性隔板工况的回流区相较之下则更长。结果显示:前置隔板还能在一定程度上减小圆柱绕流的阻力。      

复合材料层合板结构冲击损伤数值模拟的损伤力学模型

针对复合材料结构低速冲击损伤问题,基于连续损伤力学提出了一种动力学冲击条件下的三维损伤数值模型。模型中区分了层内损伤（纤维拉伸与压缩失效、纤维间拉伸与压缩失效）和层间分层损伤不同的失效模式。采用三维Puck失效准则与考虑压缩抑制效应的Aymerich准则对上述两类损伤进行判定,材料失效后基于连续损伤力学中线性软化模型对材料损伤进行演化。模型中考虑了复合材料层合板结构中子层的就位效应和损伤分析中的“连锁效应”。通过对Shi的冲击试验进行数值模拟,模型预测的冲击接触载荷、分层形状和尺寸与试验结果吻合较好,证明了所提出的数值模型对复合材料层合板结构低速冲击损伤预测的有效性。     

Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio objects in Molniya orbits

For special demands, some notable orbit types have been developed by human, including the Molniya orbits, which have a relatively high eccentricity up to about 0.7, and a period of 12 h. Considering that space debris with high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) has been discovered, such objects may also exist in Molniya orbits due to spacecraft and upper stages fragmentation events. However, there are not sufficient studies of the complex dynamical phenomena of such orbits. These studies can enrich the knowledge about the long-term evolution of these orbits, be helpful to propose uncatalogued objects observation and identification, and also set the protected region as well as active debris removal. In this paper, the characteristics of 2:1 resonance of Molniya satellite orbits are studied. A large set of numerical simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, is carried out to further investigate the main characteristics, and special attention is payed to the dynamical evolution of objects with high A/M, particularly affected by the direct solar radiation pressure. The long-term dynamical evolution of orbital elements, as well as the dependency of lifetime on the A/M value, is discussed.     

论互联网对新生代青年农民生活模式演变的影响

从涉及新生代青年农民生活模式的消费生活、政治生活、休闲生活、社交生活等方面着手。阐述互联网在他们中的应用情况,解构了互联网对新生代农民生活方式产生的客观影响,并选取浙江义乌农村青年为调研样本,从上述方面进行数据分析,得出影响较大的和不够的方面,为农村信息化的实施提供了一定的样本参照。     

Hybrid simulations of the O ion escape from Venus: Influence of the solar wind density and the IMF x component

As an initial effort to study the evolution of the Venus atmosphere, the influence of the solar wind density and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) x component (the x-axis points from Venus towards the Sun) on the O⁺ ion escape rate from Venus is investigated using a three-dimensional quasi-neutral hybrid (HYB-Venus) model. The HYB-Venus model is first applied to a case of the high-density (100 cm⁻³) solar wind interaction with Venus selected from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter observations to demonstrate its capability for the study. Two sets of simulations with a wide range of solar wind densities and different IMF x components are then performed. It is found that the O⁺ ion escape rate increases with increasing solar wind density. The O⁺ ion escape rate saturates when the solar wind density becomes high (above 100 cm⁻³). The results also suggest that the IMF x component enhances the O⁺ ion escape rate, given a fixed IMF component perpendicular to the x-axis. Finally, the results imply a higher ion loss rate for early-Venus, when solar conditions were dramatically different.     

进化算法在航路飞机排序中的应用

讨论了空中交通流量管理中在航路交汇点上的飞机排序问题。利用进化思想建立航路交汇点的数学模型,在遵循飞机尾流间隔要求的情况下,找到更合理的飞机通过航路交汇点的次序。算法采用特殊的进化算子和目标函数,以便能够满足空中交通管制实时性的要求。仿真结果表明,该算法排序效果好、效率高,达到了预期目的。