考虑重心位置不确定性的无尾无人机优化设计

飞机的飞行性能与重心(CG)位置密切相关,尤其是后掠式无尾飞机的重心位置对其飞行性能影响更甚,如果重心位置发生变化,升力分布随之改变,进而影响飞机航时。针对这个问题,从气动布局和设计方法两方面,设计了一种航时对重心位置不敏感的无尾无人机(UAV)。气动布局上,提出了利用螺旋桨动力配平纵向力矩的鸥翼(GW)布局,以减小重心位置变化对升阻特性的影响;设计方法上,采用稳健性优化设计(RDO)理论,分析重心位置不确定时的航时低敏感度问题。以一架小型电动无人机为研究对象,建立了无尾无人机稳健性优化设计环境,包括总体设计、代理模型构造以及稳健性优化。分析结果表明:利用螺旋桨动力配平的鸥翼布局使重心可用范围增加了5%;静安定裕度在5%~15%变化时,该布局可以有效提高航时稳健性。采用稳健性优化得到的无人机几何参数,大幅度降低了重心位置对航时的影响,显著提升了满足约束的概率。     

低雷诺数分布式螺旋桨滑流气动影响

以高空长航时（HALE）太阳能无人机（UAVs）研究为背景,采用基于混合网格技术及k-k_L-ω转捩模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程的多重参考系（MRF）方法,对3种螺旋桨-机翼构型的低雷诺数气动特性进行了高精度准定常数值模拟,在等拉力前提条件下,通过对比机翼气动力系数及表面流场结构特征分析了分布式螺旋桨（DEP）滑流对FX63-137机翼的气动影响。研究表明：螺旋桨滑流影响使得桨后总压及流速显著增大,这是机翼升力增大的主要原因,但同时机翼阻力特性急剧恶化,升阻比反而降低;螺旋桨滑流向机翼边界层内注入丰富湍动能从而抑制流动分离,扩大机翼表面湍流范围及附着流动区域;分布式螺旋桨滑流与低雷诺数机翼表面复杂流动相互作用显著,主要表现为滑流区域边界展向涡结构的产生。     

某型尾桨叶受载分析及叶根改进

结合近年来某型直升机在飞行训练中尾桨叶出现了叶尖外偏现象,外偏尺寸较大,并且在根部非工作面上出现了起皱、漆裂的现象。本文就尾桨叶的受力和故障原因进行分析探讨,并给出改进方案。     

低速长航时无人机垂直突风过载分析

低速中空长航时无人机的升力非线性较强,利用标准离散突风模型和连续紊流模型计算得到的突风过载差别较大.针对该问题,本文采用改进的离散突风模型求解突风载荷,即直接求解突风条件下原始的运动学方程,并在运动历程中考虑非线性升力的影响.结果表明:改进的离散突风模型计算得到的突风载荷明显低于标准离散突风模型所得的载荷,更贴近无人机的实际情况,且改进的离散突风模型与连续紊流模型的计算结果也相近.     

Prediction of electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance

To overcome the problems encountered in predicting the endurance of electricpowered fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs),which were stemmed from the dynamic changes in electric power system efficiency and battery discharge characteristics under different operating conditions,the required battery power model and battery discharge model were studied.The required battery power model was determined using an approximate model of electric power system efficiency based on wind tunnel testing and the self-adaptive penalty function.Furthermore,current correction and ambient temperature correction terms were proposed for the trained Kriging model representing the discharge characteristics under standard operation,and then the discharged capacity-terminal voltage model was established.Through numerical integration of this model with the required battery power model,the electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance prediction model was obtained.Laboratory tests indicated that the proposed endurance model could precisely calculate the battery discharge time and accurately describe the battery discharge process.The similarity of the theoretical and flight test results reflected the accuracy of the proposed endurance model as well as the importance of considering dynamic changes in power system efficiency in endurance calculations.The proposed endurance model meeting precision requirements can be used in practical engineering applications.