扑翼飞行器动力系统建模方法

为快速评估扑翼飞行器的航时,便于针对不同扑动翼进行动力系统设计与优化,逐步减少实物验证与试飞,加快扑翼飞行器的研制,基于实验数据参数辨识的方法建立了包含直流无刷电机、电调（ESC）、锂电池和扑动机构等扑翼飞行器动力系统组件的动态模型,其中电机模型相对误差小于10%,锂电池动态模型相对误差小于6%;提出了一种基于风洞试验气动数据和功率数据的扑动轴瞬时气动载荷半经验高精度建模方法,解决了气动载荷测量较为困难的问题,模型确定系数大于0.89;集成以上模型后的扑翼飞行器仿真系统还包含扑动翼周期平均气动模型、平尾气动模型和纵向控制模型,确保仿真在动态配平状态下进行,可进行全任务剖面航时仿真,航时仿真与实际试飞结果相比误差小于3%。集成的扑翼飞行器仿真系统采用模块化建模思想,各模型参数独立可调,能进一步应用于扑翼飞行器多学科优化等研究。     

Dynamic temperature prediction of electronic equipment under high altitude long endurance conditions

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is developing towards the direction of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE). This will have an important influence on the stability of its airborne electronic equipment using passive thermal management. In this paper, a multi-node transient thermal model for airborne electronic equipment is set up based on the thermal network method to predict their dynamic temperature responses under high altitude and long flight time conditions. Some relevant factors are considered into this temperature prediction model including flight environment, radiation, convection, heat conduction, etc. An experimental chamber simulating a high altitude flight environment was set up to survey the dynamic thermal responses of airborne electronic equipment in a UAV. According to the experimental measurement results, the multi-node transient thermal model is verified without consideration of the effects of flight speed. Then, a modified way about outside flight speed is added into the model to improve the temperature prediction performance. Finally, the corresponding simulation code is developed based on the proposed model. It can realize the dynamic temperature prediction of airborne electronic equipment under HALE conditions.     

K640合金TLP连接接头组织及力学性能

为考察瞬时液相(TLP)连接方法对钴基高温合金K640合金的适用性,采用非晶态中间层进行连接试验,观察接头区显微组织,测试接头的力学性能并进行断口分析。结果表明:瞬时液相连接能够实现K640合金的良好结合,接头组织致密,成分均匀,组织与成分均与母材接近;接头高温拉伸强度达到等条件下母材强度74%,断口具有明显的韧窝形貌;高温持久强度达到等条件下母材强度的70%以上。     

单项技术指标对临近空间浮空器总体尺度的影响

 为了控制浮空器的尺度、降低其技术难度和成本,需要明确其瓶颈性技术领域及参数指标。在一定假设下,给出了一套给定参数估算常规飞艇形式浮空器总体几何尺度的计算流程。基于这一流程,以一组普通产品技术指标为基础,分别提升其中每一项后估算得到不同技术指标配置方案下浮空器的总体尺度。通过分析这些计算结果,得到了单项技术指标对飞艇形式临近空间浮空器总体尺度的影响规律。     

非对称交变应力下疲劳强度条件的探讨

对当前广泛应用于机械设计的非对称循环下构件的疲劳强度条件进行分析,求导合理的疲劳强度条件.由材料力学可知,在简化的构件持久极限图上,同一循环特征下,构件的工作安全系数是由同一射线上的两点得到的.但由于构件的综合影响系数只对应力幅值(纵坐标)有影响,因此材料的持久极限与构件的持久极限一般不会落在同一射线上.由此可知,当前通用的非对称交变应力的疲劳强度条件是不正确的.通过对构件持久极限图的分析,进行了推导,得出了构件工作安全系数的正确表达式,并分析了两者之间的误差.结论指出,按原有的疲劳强度条件进行设计有时会造成较大的浪费.     

太阳能飞机方案设计阶段建模与仿真

建立了太阳能飞机方案设计阶段的仿真模型,包括能量流动、太阳能采集、蓄电池、飞机运动及能量管理等部分.通过仿真比较了太阳能电池固定安装和可转动安装两种飞机方案的太阳能采集效率和续航性能.仿真结果表明,方案2的设计采集效率优势明显,在光照匮乏时飞机飞行时间较长.该模型可用于太阳能飞机方案设计阶段的验证分析,为方案的选择和改...     

无人机航程和航时的燃油灵敏度分析

研究了无人机航程和航时的燃油重量相对变化随巡航结束重量、平均升阻比和平均耗油率的变化关系。假定巡航结束重量、平均升阻比和平均耗油率为三个线性无关的变量,采用偏导数的方法推导了喷气式和活塞螺旋桨式无人机巡航燃油重量变化的小变化方程。采用了两个算例进行了无人机的航程和航时的燃油灵敏度分析,小变化方程的燃油重量相对变化计算结果和考虑变量耦合后的燃油重量相对变化计算结果吻合较好。研究结果表明所建立的无人机航程和航时的燃油灵敏度分析模型合理。     

Fundamentals of Design and Technology of Rolling Element Bearings

This article presents an overview of fundamentals of rolling element bearing designs and technologies. The aim is to outline the complex interrelation of all fundamentals with the rolling contact fatigue and the attainable bearing life. Such fundamentals include, amongst others, bearing stressing and life capability. The article shows the different types of rolling bearing stressing and the analysis of the stress distribution (principal stresses and equivalent stresses) in the material under the rolling contact area. It becomes obvious that the contamination of the bearing with foreign particles leads to a drastic reduction in bearing life. Furthermore, it demonstrates the impact of the bearing lubrication and coating as well as the effect of additives on the attainable life and wear. Further fundamentals of rolling element bearing design are the materials, the material cleanliness and the heat treatment. The article reveals the importance of the cleanliness of bearing steels as well as different types of inclusions and their effect on rolling contact fatigue. Additionally the article describes how to optimize the material properties (strength, toughness and residual stress) by the heat treatment processes. The outcome of these investigations is that endurance life of a rolling element bearing can be achieved if specific operating conditions, an adequate lubrication, good system cleanliness and specific bearing stressing are met. The article provides a guideline for bearing engineers on how designs and technologies can be applied to optimizing a bearing for a particular industry or aerospace application.     

某型发动机150 h持久试车涡轮部件寿命消耗研究

基于某型航空发动机的技术特征,应用有限元素法分析了该型发动机涡轮部件的模拟稳态温度场和应力场,确定了叶片和轮盘的寿命分析考核点。利用采集到的473组飞行任务参数记录和150h持久试车数据,基于EGD-3疲劳分析理论和Miner线性累积损伤理论计算了叶片和轮盘各考核点的低循环疲劳损伤。采用插值法和拉森-米勒公式,分别计算了叶片和轮盘的持久损伤,并利用时间-循环分数相加法进行了疲劳/持久损伤分析,得到了叶片和轮盘各考核点的总损伤。按照等效损伤原则,完成了该型发动机150h持久试车寿命消耗向外场飞行使用寿命消耗的等当量换算。     

高升力与失速特性缓和的翼型设计研究

为了探索适用于长航时飞行器的翼型设计思想、方法和技术,进行了新型高升力及失速特性缓和的BUAA-K1/BUAA-K2翼型的设计研究.风洞实验结果表明,与配置著名GAW-1/GAW-2翼型的机翼比较,配置BUAA-K1/BUAA-K2翼型的机翼最大升力系数和最大航时因子分别提高了15%和25%,并且实现了同时具有高升力和失速特性缓和的气动特性.