串置双五分量天平的研制

本文介绍风洞应变天平中首次研制成功的一台串置双五分量天平。串置双天平由一块钢材制成。O_1天平固定在 O_2天平的受力端。O_2天平既能测量左平尾载荷,又能传递由 O_1天平测量的右平尾载荷。正确分析两台天平的受力传力路线和弹性变形的综合位移量,用严谨的数学公式描述两台天平测量的力和传递的力。对这两种力进行数学分解,形成数学模型,写出天平静校公式的数学表达式,并据此研制天平静校设备,分析天平在各分力作用下的弹性位移,写出弹性角公式。上述各点是串置双天平的核心问题。最后经风洞引导性实验证明,串置双天平的原理、方案、受力分析、静校公式等都是正确的。在国内外,串置双天平第一次用于风洞实验,获得了初步成功。     

土壤槽三分量天平

本文通过实例表明,常规风洞测力天平移植于对沙漠的研究是成功的。设计排除了土壤的自重影响,天平有较高的灵敏度,整机可根据不同土壤槽而升沉,是研究沙粒迁移的较好工具。     

基于加载平台的起落架载荷地面校准技术研究

用应变法测量起落架的使用载荷,地面校准试验是载荷测量成功的关键。传统的起落架载荷校准试验是将起落架从飞机上拆下来,固定在专门的固定夹具上实施。受俄罗斯起落架载荷校准方法的启示,我们研制了专门用于起落架载荷校准试验的加载平台,实现了在飞机真实停放状态下对起落架进行校准,克服了传统方法中模拟起落架与飞机连接刚度难,且试验周期长、成本高、误差大的缺点。     

The characteristics of sharp (small-scale) boundaries of solar wind plasma and magnetic field structures

We investigate properties of large (>20%) and sharp (<10 min) solar wind ion flux changes using INTERBALL-1 and WIND plasma and magnetic field measurements from 1996 to 1999. These ion flux changes are the boundaries of small-scale and middle-scale solar wind structures. We describe the behavior of the solar wind velocity, temperature and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during these sudden flux changes. Many of the largest ion flux changes occur during periods when the solar wind velocity is nearly constant, so these are mainly plasma density changes. The IMF magnitude and direction changes at these events can be either large or small. For about 55% of the ion flux changes, the sum of the thermal and magnetic pressure are in balance across the boundary. In many of the other cases, the thermal pressure change is significantly more than the magnetic pressure change. We also attempted to classify the types of discontinuities observed.     

飞机重心位置的计算分析方法

飞机重心位置对飞机的安定性和操纵性影响很大.不在飞机重心允许范围内装货或载客时,会使飞机操纵性和安定性变差,影响飞行安全.飞机重心位置计算分析是新型飞机研制、现役飞机加改(换)装设计等工程中必不可少的一个重要环节.以某型现役飞机进口短波单边带电台换装国产短波自适应/跳频电台工程作为研究对象,研究了基于力矩平衡法的飞机重心位置计算方法,计算了该型飞机换装短波电台后空机重心位置.计算结果表明,该型飞机进口短波电台换装国产短波电台后,空机状态下的重心位置满足重心允许范围要求.     

直流发电机并联供电平衡性探讨

主要介绍了某型飞机直流发电机并联供电的原理、供电时负载变化对平衡性的影响以及不平衡产生的原因,分析了影响并联供电的一般规律,并结合实际提出了预防不平衡供电的具体措施和建议。。     

涡轴发动机双回路PI控制器多发功率匹配

为了应对多个发动机共同驱动同一直升机时,单个发动机性能衰退所引发的输出功率不平衡问题,以控制2个转子转速的双回路结构PI控制器为基础,将外回路改为直接功率控制回路,搭配能够计算旋翼在一定转速下需求功率的机载模型,构建了1种涡轴发动机多发功率平衡匹配控制系统.内回路分别采用燃气发生器转子转速控制回路和动力涡轮转子转速控制回路,得到参数不同的控制器并进行了仿真验证和对比.结果表明:所设计的双回路PI控制器能够在保证涡轴发动机动力涡轮转速恒定的同时,使性能衰退程度不同的2台发动机输出相同的功率.     

某压气机试验件转子平衡精度分析

航空发动机及其转动部件运行的平稳性与转动件的平衡品质密切相关.为保证压气机试验件可靠运行,分析了压气机转子静平衡、初始动平衡、最终动平衡允许剩余不平衡量控制方法,以及最终动不平衡量的分配方法,并针对某压气机试验件转子,通过采取零件静平衡、组件初始动平衡、转子最终低速动平衡的分步平衡方法,保证了该试验件转子的平衡品质.试验运行结果表明:采取分步平衡精度控制方法,试验件运行平稳、振动水平低.     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

基于绳系并联机器人支撑系统的SDM动导数试验可行性研究

详细给出了在低速风洞中,采用绳系并联机器人(WDPR)支撑模型,用强迫振荡法进行标准动态模型(SDM)动导数试验可行性的研究。试验中将杆式六分量应变天平内置入模型中以测量模型的气动力和气动力矩,建立了适用于绳系并联机器人支撑系统的模型运动控制子系统和数据采集子系统。采用绳拉力作为参考信号,对气动力矩信号与位姿信号进行数据的同步处理,解决了绳系并联机器人支撑系统应用于动导数试验时所测力矩信号与位姿信号之间的相位差确定问题,给出了WDPR支撑下模型动导数的计算方法。整个试验样机置于某开口式低速直流风洞中进行了俯仰、带偏航角的俯仰以及升沉的动导数试验,通过测量和计算得到各动导数。试验结果与参考文献相比较具有合理的一致性。研究结果表明,采用绳系并联机器人支撑模型进行动导数试验是可行的,至少对于SDM是这样的结果;使用一套绳系并联机器人支撑系统,可以完成多套硬式支撑系统才能完成的动导数试验,从而提高试验效率,降低试验成本。