Passive optical detection of submillimeter and millimeter size space debris in low Earth orbit

Understanding of the space debris environment and accuracy of its observation-validated models are essential for optimal design and safe operation of satellite systems. Existing ground-based optical telescopes and radars are not capable of observing debris smaller than several millimeters in size. A new experimental and instrumental approach – the space-based Local Orbital Debris Environment (LODE) detector – aims at in situ measuring of debris with sizes from 0.2–10 mm near the satellite orbit. The LODE concept relies on a passive optical photon-counting time-tagging imaging system detecting solar photons (in the visible spectral range) reflected by debris crossing the sensor field of view. In contrast, prior feasibility studies of space-based optical sensors considered frame detectors in the focal plane. The article describes the new experimental concept, discusses top-level system parameters and design tradeoffs, outlines an approach to identifying and extracting rare debris detection events from the background, and presents an example of performance characteristics of a LODE sensor with a 6-cm diameter aperture. The article concludes with a discussion of possible sensor applications on satellites.     

A novel visual attention method for target detection from SAR images

Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imaging systems have been widely used in civil and military fields due to their all-weather and all-day abilities and various other advantages. However, due to image data exponentially increasing, there is a need for novel automatic target detection and recognition technologies. In recent years, the visual attention mechanism in the visual system has helped humans effectively deal with complex visual signals. In particular, biologically inspired top-down attention models have garnered much attention recently. This paper presents a visual attention model for SAR target detection, comprising a bottom-up stage and top-down process.In the bottom-up step, the Itti model is improved based on the difference between SAR and optical images. The top-down step fully utilizes prior information to further detect targets. Extensive detection experiments carried out on the benchmark Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition(MSTAR) dataset show that, compared with typical visual models and other popular detection methods, our model has increased ability and robustness for SAR target detection, under a range of Signal to Clutter Ratio(SCR) conditions and scenes. In addition, results obtained using only the bottom-up stage are inferior to those of the proposed method, further demonstrating the effectiveness and rationality of a top-down strategy. In summary, our proposed visual attention method can be considered a potential benchmark resource for the SAR research community.     

宇航结构件无损探伤技术的最新发展

本文介绍在非线性弹性力学中新发现的一种物理现象—“slow dynamics”现象。从这个现象中获得的信息表明,它非常适宜应用到宇航结构件在生产线的无损检测和疲劳损伤预报。文中对它的技术背景,物理本性以及实验配套设备,实际使用实测结果等内容进行简明叙述。最后,对它的技术在我国引用具有的优势和不足提出看法和建议。     

基于深度学习的ADS-B异常数据检测模型

广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）是下一代空中交通运输系统的重要组成部分，是新航行系统中非常重要的通信和监视技术，但其协议没有提供相关的信息认证和数据加密，因此极其容易受到欺骗干扰的影响。针对ADS-B报文数据特点，采用深度学习的seq2seq模型对ADS-B报文数据进行重构，通过重构误差来检测异常，并对数据进行特征扩展，使模型能更好的捕捉数据的时间依赖性。实验结果表明，所采用的方法优于传统的机器学习方法，且在数据特征扩展后，模型检测效果提升。相比于现有的欺骗干扰检测方法，该方法不需要改变ADS-B系统的协议，也不需要额外的节点或传感器参与，具有一定的适应性和灵活性。     

干扰环境下直扩系统中DMF捕获性能研究

基于数字匹配滤波器(DMF)的捕获电路具有较快的捕获速度,因此它在直扩系统(DSSS)中得到了广泛的应用。为了在干扰环境下进一步提高其捕获性能,本文对影响捕获性能的检测概率和虚警概率进行了分析;并对直扩系统中基于DMF的平均捕获时间进行了计算机仿真,从而找到了在平均捕获时间较小时应该满足的信干比、干噪比和判决门限,为改善直扩系统的捕获性能提供了理论依据。     

基于数据融合的边缘检测新方法研究

基于经典形态学的边缘检测方法虽然具有较好的去噪能力,但其得到的往往是断续的,不完整的边缘信息,不能反映全部的边缘特性.分别利用改进的数学形态学的方法和拉普拉斯算法对图像进行边缘检测,然后将两种方法处理后的图像进行数据融合,实验结果表明,该方法得到的图像边界细腻完整,具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于数据采集的变速恒频（VSCF）电源系统交流畸变检测研究

ＶＳＣＦ电源是飞机的关键部件，其输出电压质量必须满足军标。必须快速精确地检测出交流畸变故障。本文详细地介绍了基于数据采集的ＶＳＣＦ电源交流畸变故障检测技术。首先，详细阐述了基于快速傅立叶变换的检测方案和频谱混叠现象的原理，给出了采样频率选择依据。重点介绍了数据采集电路方案，采用８０９６ＢＨ单片机系统，设计出电气隔离及抗干扰电路；抗混频率滤波器；ＭＡＸ１２０高速Ａ／Ｄ转换器及其接口电路。此外还给出了     

铝合金框的超声波检测

阐述了铝合金框零件的超声波检测方法；分析了影响检测的因素，并提出了解决的办法。     

空间与环境探测星载高速光纤数据总线

随着空间与环境探测技术的快速发展，对空间与环境探测星载总线的信息带宽、码速率、可靠性以及容错能力等提出了很高的要求。根据国内外光纤总线技术的发展水平，研究分析了空间光纤数据总线的拓扑结构、模块功能、数据链路层特点和冗余方案。结果表明，此空间光纤数据总线数据处理速度可达到1．458Gbit／s，能够有效提高信息实时处理能力，为空间与环境探测卫星提供一种高可靠性、容错能力强的光纤总线。