运载火箭尾段防热/承载一体化热防护系统设计及性能分析

先进热防护技术是可重复使用运载火箭研制的关键技术之一,具有高结构效率的防热/承载一体化热防护系统是运载火箭极具潜力的备选热防护方案。本文系统地总结了可重复使用运载火箭尾舱段防热和承载两方面的设计要求,设计了一种全复合材料防隔热/承载一体化热防护系统。开展了运载火箭尾段一体化热防护系统设计,进行了代表性单胞结构的高温环境地面试验,揭示了复合材料一体化热防护系统的防隔热机理。同时施加力学和热流载荷,利用有限元方法对运载火箭尾段进行了热力耦合分析,获得了尾段结构的温度场、应变场和应力场。结果表明:在典型载荷工况下一体化热防护系统内壁温度保持在89.2℃以下,内部最大应力不超过9.53 MPa,安全系数达到1.89。     

基于干扰观测器的四旋翼无人机离散时间容错控制

为了飞行控制方案便于在计算机上实现，针对具有外部干扰和执行器加性故障的四旋翼无人机（UAV）角度运动方程，给出一种基于干扰观测器的离散时间跟踪控制方案。通过设计离散时间干扰观测器抑制外部干扰和执行器故障的不利影响，并结合干扰观测器设计离散时间控制器。通过数值仿真验证了基于干扰观测器的离散时间容错控制方案的有效性。仿真结果表明，设计的离散控制器能够保证外部干扰和执行器故障综合作用下的四旋翼UAV系统跟踪控制性能。     

Aerothermodynamic and stability analyses of a deployable re-entry capsule

Recent research projects, in the field of atmospheric re-entry technology, are focused on the design of deployable, umbrella-like Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs). These TPSs are made of flexible high temperature resistant fabrics, folded at launch and deployed in space for de-orbit and re-entry operations. In the present paper two possible sphere–cone configurations for the TPS have been investigated from an aerodynamic point of view. The analyzed configurations are characterized by the same reentry mass and maximum diameter, but have different half-cone angles (45° and 60°). The analyses involve both the evaluation of thermal and aerodynamic loads and the assessment of the capsule longitudinal stability. The aerothermodynamic analysis has been performed for the completely deployed heat shield in transitional and continuum regimes, while the longitudinal stability has been analyzed in free molecular, transitional and continuum regimes, also taking into consideration the heat shield deployment sequence at high altitudes.     

Reconfigurable Flight Control Design for Combat Flying Wing with Multiple Control Surfaces

With control using redundant multiple control surface arrangement and large-deflection drag rudders,a combat flying wing has a higher probability for control surface failures.Therefore,its flight control system must be able to reconfigure after such failures.Considering three types of typical control surface failures(lock-in-place(LIP),loss-of-effectiveness(LOE) and float),flight control reconfiguration characteristic and capability of such aircraft types are analyzed.Because of the control surface redundancy,the aircraft using the dynamic inversion flight control law already has a control allocation block.In this paper,its flight control configuration during the above failures is achieved by modifying this block.It is shown that such a reconfigurable flight control design is valid,through numerical simulations of flight attitude control task.Results indicate that,in the circumstances of control surface failures with limited degree and the degradation of the flying quality level,a combat flying wing adopting this flight control reconfiguration approach based on control allocation could guarantee its flight safety and perform some flight combat missions.     

面向空中目标威胁评估的多传感器管理方法

为了降低在空中目标威胁评估任务中由于威胁评估结果的不准确性和传感器辐射所带来的潜在损失，提出了一种基于风险的多传感器管理方法。首先，基于部分可观马尔可夫决策过程建立了传感器管理模型；然后，给出了基于信息状态的威胁评估风险和传感器辐射风险的预测方法以量化潜在损失；接着，为获得更优的作战收益，以多步风险预测值为决策依据，以两种风险的加权和最小为优化目标建立了长期目标函数；最后，在求解目标函数时，将传感器管理问题转化为决策树搜索，设计了一种基于分支定界的标准代价搜索算法以快速获得高质量的管理方案。仿真实验表明，所提算法能够在搜索到高质量解的同时大幅减少计算时间和内存消耗；所提方法能够对风险进行准确预测，且相比于经典的传感器管理方法，所提方法具有更好的风险控制效果。     

Controlling factors of Region 2 field-aligned current and its relationship to the ring current: Model results

One essential component of magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling is the closure of the ring current through Region 2 field-aligned current (FAC). Using the Comprehensive Ring Current Model (CRCM), which includes magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling by solving the kinetic equation of ring current particles and the closure of the electric currents between the two regions, we have investigated the effects of high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity, plasma sheet density and different magnetic field models on the development of Region 2 field-aligned currents, and the relationship between R2 FACs and the ring current. It is shown that an increase in high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity or plasma sheet density generally results in an increase in Region 2 FACs’ intensity, but R2 FACs display different local time and latitudinal distributions for changes in each parameter due to the different mechanisms involved. Our simulation results show that the magnetic field configuration of the inner magnetosphere is also an important factor in the development of Region 2 field-aligned current. More numerical experiments and observational results are needed in further our understanding of the complex relationship of the two current systems.     

福建与东盟经贸合作及深化合作的政策建议

东盟是福建省开展进出口贸易、引进外资以及实施走出去战略的重要地区。中国-东盟自由贸易区协议签订后，福建省抓住机遇，积极推进双方在经贸领域的合作，与东盟经贸往来日益密切，东盟已成为福建省重要的经贸合作伙伴。福建省应从实际情况出发，争取在建设中国-东盟自由贸易区的进程中找准位置并发挥作用，主要措施有：（1）充分利用东南亚华商网络，建立福建东盟合作机制；（2）利用中国-东盟自由贸易区的降税进程，努力扩大对东盟的出口；（3）在继续扩大吸收来自东盟外商直接投资的同时，鼓励省内企业开展对东盟投资；（4）发挥福建区位优势，加大与东盟各大港口合作力度；（5）利用优势互补，加大福建与东盟的资源合作力度。     

在企业深化改革中开创社会化计量测试新局面

通过大量的事实，阐述了在企业不断深化改革过程中，开创社会化计量测试的基础，条件及基本做法。     

我国改革开放以来发展观的演进

中国改革开放三十年来发展观的变迁经历了三个时期:自发地采用以经济增长为核心发展观的时期;自觉反思和探索发展观的时期;形成和实践科学发展观理论体系的时期。发展观的演进一方面受到国内外思潮的影响,另一方面又受到国内经济社会发展状况的制约。评价发展观的标准是其能否适应时代需求,滞后或过于超前都会带来负面的影响。     

单神经元PID算法在流量比值控制中的应用

针对在PCT-2型过程控制装置进行流量比值控制时．PID（proportional integral differential controller）参数难以整定的问题，提出一种基于单神经元自适应的PID流量比值控制方法，使PID参数实现自整定。该算法利用单神经元的自学习和自适应能力、结构简单和易于计算的特点与PID算法相结合，形成了一种新型的智能PID流量比值控制方法．其可以解决传统PID调节器不易在线实时进行参数整定、难于对一些复杂过程和慢时变系统进行有效控制的不足。实验结果表明：这种控制方法不仅容易掌握、精度高，且具有一定的实用价值。