高温壁面热流与温度一体化测量传感器研究

为了测量超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的热环境,从Gardon热流计原理出发,发展了一套水冷热流/壁温一体化测量技术.采用热阻分析方法,对传感器的热结构进行了分析与优化设计.测试了多种隔热与外壳材料对传感器响应特性的影响.通过辐射加热方式对传感器进行了标定,获得了热流/电压、壁温/热流的标定曲线.采用该传感器,在模拟马赫数6、总温1800K的来流条件下,对超声速燃烧室的热环境进行了初步测量,获得了与传热分析相一致的结果.     

一种工业热电阻检定系统的设计

为实现对工业热电阻的自动检定,提高检定工作效率及量值传递的准确性,设计了一种工业热电阻自动检定系统。根据热电阻检定工作原理和实现自动检定的思想,论述了系统的硬件结构组成和检定系统操作步骤。系统采用测温电桥与低电势扫描开关配合,在工业三线铂电阻的检定中,可以实现二线接法和三线接法的自动转换。系统操作软件以VB作为开发平台,实现自动控温、采集数据和输出word报表等。实际使用表明,系统设计结构合理,软件操作方便,量值传递准确可靠。     

局部多孔壁－内腔结构的气动加热瞬态特性

根据超声速飞行器外表面连接结构处密封结构几何特征,以局部多孔壁和内腔结构为研究对象,建立流/固/多孔区域流动和传热过程耦合计算模型,其中多孔区域中运用分布阻力法,流、固区域间换热过程采用准稳态耦合计算方法。经过与相关实验数据进行对比,验证了程序可靠性,并进一步分析在整个长时间瞬态过程中,该密封结构的流动和传热特征,阐明了在瞬态过程中多孔材料等效热流对缝隙壁面的加热作用。研究了有、无多孔材料填充两种情况下缝隙壁面热流分布形态的差异,探讨了缝隙中填充多孔材料对高速流场边界层热气流侵入内腔过程的影响。
     

Research of Step-down Stress Accelerated Degradation Data Assessment Method of a Certain Type of Missile Tank

The performance degradation rates of the missile tank are generally time-varying functions uneasily evaluated by general classical evaluation methods. This paper develops a segmented nonlinear accelerated degradation model (SNADM) based on the equivalent method of accumulative damage theory, which tackles the problem that product life is difficult to be determined with degradation rate being a function of the variable of time. A segmented expression of the function of population accumulative degradation is derived. And combined with nonlinear function, an accelerated degradation function, i.e., SNADM is obtained. The parameters of the SNADM are identified by numerical iteration, and the statistical function of degradation track is extrapolated. The reliability function is determined through the type of random process of the degradation distribution. Then an evaluation of product storage life is undertaken by combining the statistical function of degradation track, reliability function and threshold. An example of a missile tank undergoes a step-down stress accelerated degradation test (SDSADT), in which the results with the SNADM and the classical method are evaluated and compared. The technology introduced is validated with the resultant coincidence of both evaluated and field storage lives.     

姿/ 轨控液体火箭发动机推力室高温抗氧化涂层

概述了国内外姿/轨控液体火箭发动机高温抗氧化涂层的研究和应用进展,研制过程涉及多种材料体系,但仅有几类广泛应用于型号,包括Nb基材表面硅化物材料体系、Pt-Rh合金、Re基材表面Ir涂层。随着对发动机性能要求的提高,Re/Ir材料体系成为目前主要的研究方向。     

复合材料加筋板损伤抑制带设计与分析

研究损伤抑制带对损伤扩展的抑制机理以及损伤止裂效果对于提高结构强度和效率具有重要意义。采用渐进损伤分析方法和有限元模型分析了抑制带对蒙皮/筋条的损伤扩展的抑制情况和发生机理;讨论了损伤抑制带数量和其沿蒙皮厚度的分布等设计变量对结构剩余强度的影响。结果表明：0°损伤抑制带将蒙皮损伤抑制在缘条附近并维持一段加载历程,从而提高了复合材料加筋板的承载能力;蒙皮的失效应力随着0°损伤抑制带层数的增加而增加;对于相同数量的0°损伤抑制带,其沿着蒙皮厚度的不同分布对结构承载能力的影响很小。     

溶胶-凝胶法提高树脂抗原子氧性能的试验

为提高航天器用树脂基材料的抗原子氧剥蚀性能,将正硅酸乙酯(TEOS,Tetraethyl Orthosilicate)加入环氧树脂溶液中,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备出SiO₂／环氧杂化材料.在空间环境原子氧效应地面模拟设备中,对材料试样开展了抗原子氧剥蚀性能评估试验,总结了试验前后试样的质量、表面形貌和表面成分的变化特点,并分析了溶胶-凝胶所得杂化材料抗剥蚀性能提高的机理.分析认为:溶胶-凝胶反应过程中在树脂基体内生成的聚硅氧烷和SiO₂,以及原子氧作用下杂化材料表面生成的SiO₂保护层,是杂化材料抗剥蚀性能得以提高的主要原因.     

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr Alloys

Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr (x=2, 6, 10, 14, 17 at%) alloys are prepared by arc-melting under argon atmosphere. Microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the arc-melted alloys are investigated. At 2 at% Cr content, the microstructure is composed of Nbss, Nb3Si and a small quantity of Nb5Si3, when the Cr contents increase, Nb3Si disappears. For the high Cr content (x ≥ 10 at%) alloys, besides the Nbss and Nb5Si3, Cr2Nb is also detected. With the increase of Cr content, the volume fractions of Cr2Nb and Nb5Si3 increase, while that of Nbss increases firstly and then begins to degrade when the Cr content is higher than 6 at%. For the alloy with 2 at% Cr, the room temperature fracture toughness is about 14.5 MPa·m1/2, but badly decreases to about 8.5 MPa·m1/2, when the Cr contents increase. Vickers hardness of Nbss tends to increase linearly from about 400 to 500, while that of silicides is not sensitive to Cr contents, about 950. The appearance of Cr2Nb phase significantly improves the high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys with high Cr contents. The isothermal oxidation tests show that the oxidation kinetics of the alloys with various Cr contents follows parabolic oxidation kinetics.     

接触热阻对疏导式热防护结构防热效果的影响

采用内置高温热管的疏导式热防护结构是一种新型高效的热防护方式,热管与高温复合材料之间的接触热阻(TCR)对防热效果有重大的影响。首先给出了一种疏导式热防护结构的计算模型,进而采用间接耦合的方法建立了由接触热阻引起的热力耦合问题的计算格式,在此基础上对不同预留间隙条件下的热防护结构进行了热力耦合分析,重点考察了接触热阻对其防热效果的影响。研究结果表明,采用预留装配间隙的方法可以有效降低结构的应力水平,但同时使得界面接触热阻增加,从而使得结构驻点温度升高,因此在采用预留间隙设计时必须在考虑界面接触热阻的条件下从结构强度和温度两方面对结构进行安全性评估。     

谱载荷下三维构件疲劳分析的损伤力学方法

建立了工程中常见的三维构件的一个损伤力学守恒积分,并利用此积分的守恒性与小范围损伤的条件,推导出计及损伤耦合效应时集中的应力与应变所应满足的方程.根据以损伤驱动力表示的损伤演化方程,推导了在谱载荷作用下,疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预估的解析表达式,建立了以等效应力表示的非分离变量型损伤演化方程,并在短周期加载条件下得到积分形式的疲劳寿命闭合解.对某飞机起落架为代表的三维构件在谱载荷作用下的疲劳寿命进行了预报.