机组工作负荷评价新方法及其应用

评估机组工作负荷是适航审核的重要指标之一,FAA(Federal Aviation Administration)适航标准CFR-25.1523和中国适航标准CCAR-25.1523中都对机组工作负荷的审核提出了要求.研究了适航标准、波音737和空客320机组操作手册及其他相关文献,通过与飞行员面谈建立评价体系基本框架.应用德尔菲法进行咨询确定评价体系指标,应用序关系分析法进行指标权重系数调查,最终建立机组工作负荷综合评价体系.基于所建立的评价体系,应用模糊综合评价法对B737和A320机组工作负荷进行了综合评价,评价结果表明:研究所建立的民机机组工作负荷评价体系合理,具有实用性.所获得的机组工作负荷评估体系及评价结果可为C919等同类机型的机组工作负荷设计提供参考.     

航空公司飞行机组排班问题研究

飞行机组排班是整个航空公司制定航班生产计划中的一个重要环节,是提高航空公司运营效率的关键。通过对飞行机组排班问题中飞行机组任务分配的分析,把飞行机组人员任务的分配转化为图着色,建立飞行机组排班问题的图着色模型,设计顶点着色算法来求解模型,最后将此图论算法模型应用到具体航空公司飞行机组排班的实例中。     

基于HTA方法的飞行机组任务分析

人误预测首先需要对任务进行分析,将任务进行层次化分解,使分析者理解任务并识别可能导致人误的重要操作。根据飞行机组任务特点,确立了飞行任务中止原则,建立了基于HTA的飞行机组任务分析流程．提出关键步骤的选取准则。通过对A320飞机起飞任务进行案例分析,识别出对安全性有重大影响的操作任务,为改进驾驶舱设计及飞行机组培训提供支持。     

并发多媒体负载访问存储系统的模型分析

多媒体应用要求存储系统提供满足服务质量QoS(Quality of Service)需求的数据访问服 务,反应时间超过截止期限的访问请求必须小于一定的比例.在开放环境下,并发多媒体负载中访问请求的随机性增加了实现这一目标的难度.并发多媒体应用的访问请求经汇聚后到达存储系统的过程服从泊松分布,存储系统的服务时间服从指数分布;并发多媒体负载访问存储系统的过程用M/M/1排队论模型描述.通过对该模型的分析推导出构成并发负载的多媒体应用数量N与负载中访问请求的响应时间分布之间的关系.仿真试验的结果证明该模型对于保证并发多媒体应用的QoS是非常有效的.     

驾驶舱资源管理与飞行安全

在影响飞行安全的人、机、环境中,人处于主导和支配的地位。机组人员只有在使用先进的设备,掌握良好的飞行技术,遵守各类规章制度,具有良好安全意识和高度责任感时才具备了保障飞行安全的基本条件。     

美国载人航天商业运输的发展

研究了美国载人航天商业运输的发展现状和趋势。美国在取消星座计划之后,实施商业乘员和货物项目,将依靠商业运输器实现＂国际空间站＂的乘员和货物运输,以缩短＂后航天飞机＂时代（航天飞机退役后）运输的断档期。美国商业乘员和货物项目包括商业轨道运输服务（COTS）计划、商业再补给服务（CRS）计划和商业乘员开发（CCDev）计划...     

基于管制员工作负荷的扇区开合阀设置研究

对扇区空域实施灵活的开合管理是当前提升空域利用率的主要方法之一,利用实时的空域容量和流量信息可为扇区的开合提供预警信息,提升人力资源的利用率和紧急情况下流量波动的应对能力。基于Wick‐ens的信息处理与认知模型,构建管制员注意力资源与管制工作负荷的关系;基于仓室（SIR）模型,建立管制员注意力资源与管制工作负荷的动力...     

民用飞机飞行操作程序的开发和验证

飞行操作程序的开发和验证是一项庞大而复杂的长期工作,需要考虑的因素和问题很多。在实际型号程序开发经验和对大量资料研究的基础上,系统地提出了一种民用飞机飞行操作程序开发和评估的基本方法,对相关工作的指导性原则、设计方法、内容要求、关键要素和表现形式等进行了较为详细的说明。该方法主要着眼于程序设计本身,是这方面工程经验和实践的再总结和提炼,并力求对飞行操作程序开发工作起到有效指导作用。     

Augmented flight dynamics model for pilot workload evaluation in tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure

An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.     

A model for discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface

With respect to the ergonomic evaluation and optimization in the mental task design of the aircraft cockpit display interface, the experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of mental workload were carried out under flight simulation task conditions using the performance evaluation, subjective evaluation and physiological measurement methods. The experimental results show that with an increased mental workload, the detection accuracy of flight operation significantly reduced and the reaction time was significantly prolonged; the standard deviation of R-R intervals（SDNN） significantly decreased, while the mean heart rate exhibited little change; the score of NASA_TLX scale significantly increased. On this basis, the indexes sensitive to mental workload were screened, and an integrated model for the discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface was established based on the Bayesian Fisher discrimination and classification method. The original validation and cross-validation methods were employed to test the accuracy of the results of discrimination and prediction of the integrated model, and the average prediction accuracies determined by these two methods are both higher than 85%. Meanwhile, the integrated model shows a higher accuracy in discrimination and prediction of mental workload compared with single indexes. The model proposed in this paper exhibits a satisfactory coincidence with the measured data and could accurately reflect the variation characteristics of the mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface, thus providing a basis for the ergonomic evaluation and optimization design of the aircraft cockpit display interface in the future.