基于三维裂纹尖端应力场的应力强度因子计算方法

提出一种基于无限大体裂纹尖端弹性应力场理论解的前几项多项式函数,对实际裂纹体弹性应力场有限元解进行拟合来计算应力强度因子的方法.该方法在计算应力强度因子时不需要预先假设裂纹尖端的应力应变状态,应力强度因子计算结果更符合三维裂纹体裂纹尖端实际的应力应变状态.首先基于二维无限大板中心穿透裂纹应力场理论解验证了方法的有效性,探讨了拟合确定应力强度因子需要的多项式应力函数的项数.然后分别以二维大板中心穿透裂纹、三维大体内埋圆裂纹和三维有限厚板中心穿透裂纹的应力强度因子计算为例,通过与无限大板和无限大体应力强度因子理论解以及基于位移外推法和1/4节点张开位移法的应力强度因子有限元解的对比分析,验证了该方法的有效性和合理性.研究表明该方法能够合理反映三维裂纹体裂纹尖端的实际应力应变状态,计算得到的应力强度因子数值更合理.      

基于Fibonacci搜索方法的航空发动机性能寻优

介绍了Fibonacci搜索方法应用于发动机性能优化中的原理,建立带两个出口面积、气流马赫数可变的引射器的涡喷发动机的总体性能计算模型,应用Fibonacci搜索方法在优化参数区间内对该发动机进行了最大推力、最低油耗、最低涡轮前温度模式的寻优.举例说明了Fibonacci搜索方法应用的具体过程.给出了不同高度、马赫数下的寻优结果.结果表明:最优目标性能满足的约束边界与飞行高度、马赫数密切相关.不同的飞行高度、马赫数对应了不同的最优控制策略.但不论飞行任务如何,根据该方法进行的优化控制所获得的目标性能是最佳的.该优化方法不仅适用于该类涡喷发动机,也为其他类型航空发动机的优化控制打下一定的基础.      

Effect of blade tip winglet on the performance of a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor

The tip leakage flow has an important influence on the performance of transonic com-pressor. Blade tip winglet has been proved to be an effective method to control the tip leakage flow in compressor, while the physical mechanisms of blade tip winglet have been poorly understood. A numerical study for a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor has been conducted to understand the effect of varying the location of blade tip winglet on the performance of the rotor. Two kinds of tip winglet were designed and investigated. The effects of blade tip winglet on the compressor over-all performance, stability and tip flow structure were presented and discussed. It is found that the interaction of the tip winglet with the flow in the tip region is different when the winglet is located at suction-side or pressure-side of the blade tip. Results indicate that the suction-side winglet (SW) is ineffective to improve the performance of compressor rotor. In addition, a significant stall range extension equivalent to 33.74% with a very small penalty in efficiency can be obtained by the pressure-side winglet (PW). An attempt has been made to explain the fundamental mechanisms of blade tip winglet in detail.     

Nonlinear dynamic modeling of a helicopter planetary gear train for carrier plate crack fault diagnosis

Planetary gear train plays a significant role in a helicopter operation and its health is of great importance for the flight safety of the helicopter. This paper investigates the effects of a planet carrier plate crack on the dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear train, and thus finds an effec-tive method to diagnose crack fault. A dynamic model is developed to analyze the torsional vibra-tion of a planetary gear train with a cracked planet carrier plate. The model takes into consideration nonlinear factors such as the time-varying meshing stiffness, gear backlash and viscous damping. Investigation of the deformation of the cracked carrier plate under static stress is performed in order to simulate the dynamic effects of the planet carrier crack on the angular displacement of car-rier posts. Validation shows good accuracy of the developed dynamic model in predicting dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear train. Fault features extracted from predictions of the model reveal the correspondence between vibration characteristic and the conditions (length and position) of a planet carrier crack clearly.     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

多飞行器再入段时间协同弹道规划方法

提出了一种多飞行器再入段时间协同弹道规划方法。首先,在纵向平面内规划满足航程与终端约束的纵向标称轨迹。随后,在采用轨迹跟踪律跟踪纵向标称轨迹的同时,运用考虑初始横侧向状态的多边界航向偏差角走廊策略控制飞行器的横侧向机动,以满足到达时间约束与终端约束,进而实现单枚飞行器到达时间约束下的轨迹规划。在此基础上,完成了飞行器的到达时间分布与飞行能力分析,给出了最小与最大到达时间的分析计算方法,并根据多飞行器协同再入的任务需求完成了协同飞行时间决策。最后,多飞行器协同再入与扰动条件下的仿真结果表明,该方法能够规划出满足到达时间与终端约束的协同再入轨迹,具备良好的计算精度与鲁棒性。     

基于断口分析的钛合金轮内部缺陷损伤容限

为进行某轮损伤容限设计,开展了裂纹扩展断口分析和仿真分析研究。由断口分析可知:疲劳源为一处内部自然缺陷;依据疲劳辉纹确定了裂纹扩展速率;在裂纹长度为2 mm附近,裂纹扩展速率明显增大,为第一、第二加载阶段转换区域;裂纹稳定扩展区裂纹长度与裂纹扩展速率呈双对数线性关系;应用列表梯度法和Paris公式法反推了第二加载阶段的疲劳寿命,与该阶段实际循环次数的最大误差是163%。裂纹稳定扩展阶段裂纹扩展仿真值与断口反推值吻合;非稳定扩展阶段仿真值与断口反推值的最大误差为-215%;基于以上研究,合理确定了某离心轮内部裂纹表面扩展停机检测周期。该类轮非稳定、失稳扩展阶段寿命占内部裂纹表面扩展阶段寿命的比例达248%~357%,因此准确计算具有重要意义。     

退化发动机加速性能恢复控制方法

针对退化发动机加速性能下降的现象,提出一种变喘振裕度约束的模型预测控制方法。通过分析退化发动机在加速过程中的工作特点,将加速过程分为三个阶段,在不同阶段采取不同的喘振裕度约束。鉴于模型预测控制能够显式处理约束、采用在线滚动优化来获取最优控制输入,采取模型预测控制方法,并采用具有较高实时性的交替方向乘子法求解优化问题,实现了退化发动机加速性能的恢复。数字仿真结果表明,采用本文所提出的加速性能恢复控制方法后,相比退化发动机,加速过程中所耗费的时间缩短了35%以上。     

汽车双横臂独立悬架参数优化与仿真研究

针对国内某轿车双横臂独立悬架系统，运用ADMAS／View模块建立了双横臂式悬架模型，利用ADMAS／Insight模块对建立的双横臂式独立悬架进行了优化分析。优化结果分析表明：通过悬架参数优化设计，使前悬架性能有了较大的提高。     

自循环吸附动叶设计原理及数值模拟分析

研究了一种新型自循环吸附动叶,分析了其主要实现结构以及自循环吸附的原理。新型吸附结构利用动叶旋转离心作用形成的驱动力抑制了叶表分离、叶顶二次流动,增加了叶顶附面层动量,提高了动叶效率及稳定裕度。通过与传统的机匣处理技术的对比,阐明了自循环吸附动叶的独特结构以及叶顶喷气技术优势。以Rotor37动叶为例,依据基本的吸气、喷气原则,开展了吸气槽、叶顶喷气孔以及动叶内腔等自循环典型结构概念方案设计,突破了带有动叶内腔的复杂网格生成技术,完成了自循环吸附动叶内腔以及叶片通道内的流动分析以及特性分析。研究结果表明:自循环吸附技术优势明显,数值模拟证明其原理可行。