金属橡胶用冷拉拔奥氏体不锈钢丝的微观组织

利用OM(光学显微镜)、SEM(扫描电镜)、TEM(透射电镜)和EBSD(电子背散射衍射)等技术,对金属橡胶用冷拉拔奥氏体不锈钢丝的微观组织进行研究.结果表明,钢丝由α'相的形变诱发马氏体与残余奥氏体相组成,马氏体相的亚结构为孪晶和位错,而残余奥氏体晶粒被细化到微米尺度.同时研究发现了钢丝在拉拔方向上形成的以第二相硬质颗粒为核心的梭形微孔洞.进一步研究分析后认为,Cr17-Ni7系奥氏体不锈钢丝更适合制备高阻尼的金属橡胶材料.     

Solar Energetic Particle Composition, Energy Spectra, and Space Weather

Recent progress in measuring the composition and energy spectra of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated by CME-driven shocks is reviewed, including a comparison of the observed charge-to-mass dependence of breaks in SEP spectra with model predictions. Also discussed is a comparison of SEP and CME kinetic energies in seventeen large SEP events, and estimates of the SEP radiation dose that astronauts would be subject to once they venture outside the protective cover of Earth’s magnetosphere.     

On the Differences in Composition between Solar Energetic Particles and Solar Wind

Although the average composition of solar energetic particles (SEPs) and the bulk solar wind are similar in a number of ways, there are key differences which imply that solar wind is not the principal seed population for SEPs accelerated by coronal mass ejection (CME) driven shocks. This paper reviews these composition differences and considers the composition of other possible seed populations, including coronal material, impulsive flare material, and interplanetary CME material.     

Relativistic proton production at the Sun in the 20 January 2005 solar event

Based on the concept of multiple acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEP) we analyzed the super-event of 20 January 2005 by the data of ground level, balloon and spacecraft observations. The main characteristics of relativistic solar protons (energy spectra, anisotropy directions and pitch-angle distributions) are derived and their dynamics during the event is studied. It is shown that the flux of relativistic solar protons may consist of two distinct components, the so-called prompt and delayed ones. Within a two-source model of particle generation, one of which is associated with an expanding magnetic loop, we solved the transport equation in energy phase space, including adiabatic losses simultaneously with the stochastic acceleration process, and calculate the expected spectra of the delayed component at the source. The confrontation of experimental spectra with theoretical ones shows that the delayed component may be correctly described by stochastic acceleration, but not the prompt component. The required acceleration efficiencies turned out to be rather high, so that, for this particular event, adiabatic cooling is practically negligible. Our results provide a new support to the existence of two populations of relativistic solar protons in some SEP events.     

Magneto-gravity Waves Trapped in the Lower Solar Corona

The possibility of trapped magneto-gravity waves in the lower solar corona with an open magnetic field is discussed. Intensity variations and/or Doppler shifts of relevant UV, EUV and x-ray spectral lines in the chromosphere, transition region and lower corona may reveal the existence of such low-frequency modes (with periods longer than ∼ 1.5 hour). The spectrum may be either discrete or continuous depending on the reflection property of the narrow transition region. These modes can be utilized to probe the dynamics of the upper chromosphere, transition region and lower corona; they may also play an important role in coronal heating. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

精密小直径盲孔珩磨

在论述了珩磨、盲孔珩磨现状的基础上,重点介绍了精密小直径盲孔珩磨的原理、珩磨条座、珩磨杆的结构,可达到的加工精度,推广此项工艺应解决的问题及其展望。     

一种适用于曲面结构的机器人制孔误差在线补偿技术

针对工业机器人应用于飞机零部件自动钻孔时各项误差累积造成制孔精度差的问题，提出一种利用单应关系计算机器人驱动坐标三维偏差，以在线补偿机器人制孔精度的方法。首先利用外部测量设备建立机器人制孔系统中各坐标系关系；在标定阶段，通过以一定倾斜角度固联于机器人末端的相机拍摄一幅安装于制孔工作平面上与刀轴正对的平面标定板图像，并据此完成基于单应变换的手-眼关系标定；在实际制孔过程中，机器人在测距传感器及相机的辅助下，从基准孔理论坐标对应的姿态，不断调整至基准孔正上方理想位置，通过手-眼关系计算基准孔实际位置对应的机器人驱动坐标，然后根据一组基准孔的机器人三维驱动误差，计算三维驱动误差变换矩阵，据此获得这组基准孔邻域范围内各待钻孔的机器人驱动坐标补偿量，从而实现待钻孔定位误差补偿。以飞机结构实验件为对象进行了模拟制孔验证，实验结果表明，补偿前待钻孔三维综合定位误差和法向误差测量值范围分别为2.28~2.85 mm和2.09°~3.93°，平均为2.55 mm和3.30°，补偿后制孔最大误差分别不超过0.30 mm和0.21°，满足自动制孔位置精度要求。     

CME productivity associated with Solar Flare peak X-ray emission flux

It is often noticed that the occurrence rate of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) increases with increase in flare duration where peak flux too increase. However, there is no complete association between the duration and peak flux. Distinct characteristics have been reported for active regions (ARs) where flares and CMEs occur in contrast to ARs where flares alone occur. It is observed that peak flux of flares is higher when associated with CMEs compared to peak flux of flares with which CMEs are not associated. In other words, it is likely that flare duration and peak flux are independently affected by distinct active region dynamics. Hence, we examine the relative ability of flare duration and peak flux in enhancing the CME productivity. We report that CME productivity is distinctly higher in association with the enhancement of flare peak flux in comparison to corresponding enhancement of flare duration.     

带肋和出流孔通道换热研究

采用热色液晶瞬态测试技术测量了带肋和出流孔通道各壁面的换热系数分布,分析了雷诺数和出流比对换热系数的影响,其中雷诺数的变化范围是20000~80000,出流比的变化范围是0.3~0.6。结果表明:出流比的变化对各壁面均有较大影响,无出流孔带肋壁面的换热沿通道减弱,带肋和出流孔壁面的换热在通道入口处先增大之后沿通道减小;各壁面平均换热增强系数随雷诺数增大而减小。无出流孔的带肋壁面和侧壁的平均换热增强系数随出流比增大而减小,带肋和出流孔壁面的平均换热增强系数不随出流比变化而变化。     

附加分叉射流喷注对气膜孔冷却特性的影响

利用三维数值计算研究具有附加分叉射流喷注的单排气膜孔冷却结构的强化冷却特性,考察了三种形式的分叉孔结构和四个吹风比的影响。研究结果表明,主气膜孔附近射流喷注孔的存在能够诱导一对反涡,削弱缘于主气膜孔下游气膜出流和主流相互作用的肾形涡对,有利于提高气膜冷却效率,同时也增强了对流换热;当分叉射流喷注孔出口与主气膜孔在同一流向位置时,可以获得较高的气膜冷却效率和相对较低的对流换热系数增强比。