涡轮叶片内部沿周边分布的竹节孔换热特性

根据发动机涡轮叶片内部沿周边分布的竹节孔冷却通道结构建立了简化的传热分析模型.首先通过无量纲分析得到了竹节孔的平均努塞尔数不仅与雷诺数和普朗特数有关,还与"竹节"形状、通道外壁形状以及流体和固体的导热系数比等参数有关.然后,对雷诺数和冷却通道几何参数对竹节孔平均努塞尔数的影响进行了数值模拟研究,计算并对比了上述参数对平均努塞尔数的影响规律,结果表明:①"竹节"结构使平均努塞尔数显著增大,而通道外壁形状主要影响了局部热流密度和局部努塞尔数的分布情况;②随着"竹节"的节高/孔径比的增加,平均努塞尔数单调增大,阻力系数也随之增大;③可通过增大雷诺数和优化节距/节高比来提高竹节孔的平均努塞尔数,计算表明最佳节距/节高比约为10.      

多斜孔冷却火焰筒燃烧性能试验研究

为了保证高温升燃烧室火焰筒壁温,进行了多斜孔冷却火焰筒燃烧性能试验.通过对多斜孔冷却火焰筒和常规气膜冷却火焰筒的试验对比,研究了多斜孔冷却火焰筒的燃烧性能.研究结果表明:与常规气膜冷却火焰筒相比,多斜孔冷却火焰筒具有冷却空气量少、火焰筒壁温低和温度梯度小等优点;采用了多斜孔冷却方式的火焰筒,其温度场、燃烧效率、火焰筒壁温和慢车贫油熄火油气特性等燃烧性能均达到或超过了常规气膜冷却火焰筒的水平.     

带旋流杯的模型回流燃烧室主燃孔射流研究

实验研究了带轴径向旋流杯、主燃孔和冷却气流的模型回流燃烧室在工作压力为300 kPa, 燃烧室压力损失为2.5%时主燃孔射流的特点以及其对燃烧室流场的影响.结果表明, 回流式燃烧室内外壁主燃孔射流进气方向与顺流式燃烧室不同, 即内壁主燃孔射流向流动方向下游倾斜, 外壁主燃孔射流向流动方向上游倾斜;主燃孔射流穿透深度很大, 几乎能穿透到对面火焰筒壁;中心回流区长度明显缩短, 其长度L与旋流杯出口直径D的比值(L/D)约为0.5, 而常规的顺流式燃烧室的L/D约为1.3.      

Kuafu and the studies of CME initiation

We first briefly review the current trend in the studies of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), then summarize some recent efforts in understanding the CME initiation. Emphasis has been put on the studies of Earth-directed CMEs whose associated surface activity and large scale magnetic source have been well identified. The data analysis by combining the MDI full disc magnetograms, vector magnetograms of active regions, EUV waves and dimmings, non-thermal radio sources, and the SOHO LASCO observations has shed new light in understanding the CME magnetism. However, the current studies seem to invoke new observations in a few aspects: (1) The observations which enable us to trace CMEs from the earliest associated surface activity to its initial acceleration and key development in the low corona in the height of 1–3 R; (2) The imaging spectroscopic observations which can be used to diagnose the early plasma outflow and the line-of-sight velocity in understanding the kinematics of CMEs; (3) The accurate timing from primary magnetic energy release, manifested by chromospheric activity, non-thermal radio bursts, and EUV, X-ray and γ-ray emissions, to the CME initiation, early acceleration and propagation, and the consequences in the interplanetary space and magnetosphere. The Kuafu Mission will meet the basic requirement for the new observations in CME initiation studies and serve as a monitor of space weather of the Sun–Earth system.     

Coronal Hole Boundaries and their Interactions with Adjacent Regions

Coronal hole boundaries are the interfaces between regions where the coronal magnetic field contains a significant component which is open into the heliosphere and regions where the field is primarily closed. It is pointed out that there are constraints on the magnetic field which opens into the heliosphere that must be satisfied in the corona: it must come into pressure equilibrium in the high corona, and the component of the field which connects to the polar regions of the Sun must differentially rotate. A model is presented in which satisfying these constraints determines which field lines are open and which are closed, and thus where the polar coronal hole boundaries occur. Some of the consequences of this model are discussed. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

金属橡胶用冷拉拔奥氏体不锈钢丝的微观组织

利用OM(光学显微镜)、SEM(扫描电镜)、TEM(透射电镜)和EBSD(电子背散射衍射)等技术,对金属橡胶用冷拉拔奥氏体不锈钢丝的微观组织进行研究.结果表明,钢丝由α'相的形变诱发马氏体与残余奥氏体相组成,马氏体相的亚结构为孪晶和位错,而残余奥氏体晶粒被细化到微米尺度.同时研究发现了钢丝在拉拔方向上形成的以第二相硬质颗粒为核心的梭形微孔洞.进一步研究分析后认为,Cr17-Ni7系奥氏体不锈钢丝更适合制备高阻尼的金属橡胶材料.     

带60°肋和气膜孔矩形通道换热研究

采用非结构化网格和realizable k-ε紊流模型,求解三维N-S方程,对带60°肋和气膜孔矩形通道在入口雷诺数9×104,气膜孔总出流比为0.22时进行了换热特性的数值模拟.带气膜孔的壁面换热特性和实验数据吻合的很好,在此基础上,分析了其它各个壁面的换热特性.结果表明,带肋和气膜孔的通道流场非常复杂,扰流肋的存在使各壁面的换热都得到了增强,但增强幅度的差别较大.换热最强的区域并不是带肋的上下壁面,而是光滑的右侧壁面.     

考虑冷气掺混的涡轮气动性能数值研究

采用数值求解雷诺平均N-S方程的方法,数值模拟了带冷气掺混的涡轮内部全三维黏性流场,研究了冷气掺混对涡轮流动损失和气动性能的影响。数值计算结果表明,对于具有单排孔冷气入射的气膜冷却情况,当入射角是30°时,随着冷气流量增加,流动损失减小;而对于多排气膜孔冷气入射,各排气膜孔冷气之间的干扰是引起流动损失的主要原因,对不同位置冷气流量的优化选择,可以明显减小前后排冷气的掺混损失。为了降低冷气掺混的流动损失,基于数值实验的结果,本文首次引入了叶片表面气膜孔沿径向交错排列结构。     

ICMEs in the Outer Heliosphere and at High Latitudes: An Introduction

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are observed at all latitudes and distances from which data are available. We discuss the radial evolution of ICMEs out to large distances and ICME properties at high latitudes. The internal pressure of ICMEs initially exceeds the ambient solar wind pressure and causes the ICMEs to expand in radial width to about 15~AU. Large ICMEs and series of ICMEs compress the leading plasma and form merged interaction regions (MIRs) which dominate the structure of the outer heliosphere at solar maximum. The distribution of high-latitude ICMEs is solar cycle dependent. A few overexpanding ICMEs are observed at high-latitude near solar minimum. Near solar maximum ICMEs are observed at all latitudes, but those above 40° do not have high charge states.     

圆直管中离散孔超声速气膜冷却实验

以圆直管中的超声速高温燃气为主流,以常温氮气为气膜介质,用实验的方法研究了离散孔超声速气膜冷却规律,主流马赫数为2,射流马赫数分别为1,2,3.结果表明:射流流量是影响离散孔气膜冷却效果的最主要因素,提高吹风比或者增大孔径,都能显著提高气膜冷却效率;在实验工况下,冷却效率与吹风比和孔径的关系可以总结成实验关联式;射流喉部直径相同、流量相同情况下,射流马赫数对气膜冷却效果影响不大;在气膜孔附近,入射角为30°的射流比切向入射时的冷却效果差,在下流远离气膜孔位置,入射角为30°的射流冷却效果优于切向入射时.