单级轴流压气机叶端区二次流动的研究

为揭示某单级压气机非设计转速下影响效率和稳定性的关键因素,采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,系统地研究了该压气机动、静叶通道内的二次流动随工况（即叶片负荷）的变化规律.对于转子,大流量工况叶端区的二次流主要以泄漏流/泄漏涡和轮毂角区分离为主,而到了峰值效率和近失速工况,整个叶高基元的过度扩压导致的叶片失速抑制了轮毂角区失速的发生.静叶叶尖端区的二次流动虽然具有三维性,但到了近失速工况它依然没有发展成为角区失速.静叶叶根的泄漏流动虽然对端壁附面层的低能流体向轮毂吸力面角区的汇聚起到了一定的抑制作用,但它对角区失速的控制效果却受到压气机不同流量工况的影响.近失速工况叶根泄漏流动抑制角区失速的能力不足是导致压气机效率下降的主要因素,而转子叶尖的二次流动造成的对整个叶尖通道的阻塞是限制压气机稳定性的关键因素.      

尾流撞击效应的一些探讨

通过采用外部声激励的方式,在低速轴流压气机内研究非定常尾流撞击效应对压气机流场结构以及时均气动性能的影响。主要包括:低速轴流压气机实验台的流场调试;流场的稳态、动态测量;实验数据的处理和分析。实验结果表明:当发生尾流撞击耦合效应时,压气机内部流动的时空结构以及时均气动性能均得到较大提高。      

低速轴流压气机旋转失速边界的模型描述

从低速轴流压气机完整旋转失速过程所具有的突变性和迟滞性等典型动力学特征出发,通过对其拓扑性质的对比分析,证明压气机旋转失速与突变理论尖点突变模型在拓扑结构上具有相似性;以拓扑不变性定理为基础,通过发展有效的拓扑映射方法,建立了尖点突变模型的突变点集与压气机旋转失速突变点集之间的拓扑映射关系.在两台低速轴流压气机上的模型实际应用效果表明:尖点突变模型能够定性地描述具有突变型失速特点的低速压气机不同转速工况下完整旋转失速过程的突变性、迟滞性以及分岔特性,通过该发展的拓扑映射方法,可以将实验获取的失速点和恢复点完全映射到模型线上,这表明尖点突变模型能较为准确地描述旋转失速的失速边界.      

先进航空发动机树脂基复合材料技术现状与发展趋势

介绍了先进树脂基复合材料在国内外航空发动机上的应用需求与发展现状,讨论了国内航空发动机树脂基复合材料研制遇到的问题.最后分析了航空发动机树脂基复合材料在原材料、低成本技术、设计工具与体系、适航要求等方面亟待解决的问题.     

低速轴流压气机叶尖非定常流动试验

利用动态压力传感器对一低速轴流压气机转子的叶顶间隙流场进行详细的试验测量,通过对信号特征的分析,对压气机节流过程中叶顶间隙的非定常流动发展演变规律进行了研究。结果表明：压气机完全失速时,叶尖存在一以46.5%转子转速周向传播的失速团;节流过程中,叶尖前缘处的动态压力信号中存在非定常波动的特征频率带,其变化规律与叶顶流场压力非定常波动的能量迁移有关;随着压气机流量减小,叶顶泄漏流影响区域向前缘移动,失速团在叶顶前缘附近产生,并向尾缘方向扩展,最终覆盖叶片全部弦长;近失速工况时,叶顶间隙相邻通道内泄漏流相互作用,造成通道中的低压区“一前一后”交替分布从而形成一个空间上周期约2个叶片通道的扰动波。     

压气机静子有限元建模简化方法及验证

为有效减小航空发动机静子系统动力特性计算的有限元模型规模,针对压气机静子叶片结构,提出了1种基于截面等效原理的建模简化方法。首先通过1个静子叶片的8、6、4和2截面4种有限元模型的简化和计算说明了该方法的有效性;然后进一步以某型航空发动机压气机的第1级整流器为例,对上述方法进行了计算验证。结果表明:4种简化模型的前5阶固有频率计算结果最大误差分别为2.72%、4.23%、4.73%和7.32%,模态振型吻合良好;简化后的模型规模缩减为原模型的2%~3%,计算时间缩短为原模型的1%~2%。     

An improved prediction model for corner stall in axial compressors with dihedral effect

Corner stall predictions are important and difficult in axial compressors. However, all of the prediction models have proved to be ineffective for advanced compressor blades, which tend to use the combined sweep and dihedral. As for the prediction parameter DL, although it effectively modeled the effects of the adverse pressure gradient and secondary flow, it failed to predict the corner stall of curved blades because the model failed to consider the intersection of the boundary layer at the corner region. In this paper, the shape factor gradient Ψ of the boundary layer at the corner region was investigated by numerically studying specially shaped expansion pipes under different adverse pressure gradients. The improved prediction parameter DJ was presented based on the model of Ψ and the circumferential pressure gradient ξ. A comparison of the critical range of the prediction parameters DL and DJ was investigated using the NACA65 cascade database, which was established by a numerical method. Then, the stall criterion was validated according to the experimental results of various test facilities with different blade geometries and experimental conditions. The results show that the improved prediction parameter is able to predict the corner separation/stall flows and is in good agreement with the experimental results for axial compressors with three-dimensional designed blades.     

Influence of SPS casing treatment on axial flow compressor subjected to radial pressure distortion

The present work is about the stall margin enhancement ability of a kind of stall precursor-suppressed (SPS) casing treatment when fan/compressor suffers from a radial total pres-sure inlet distortion. Experimental researches are conducted on a low-speed compressor with and without SPS casing treatment under radial distorted inlet flow of different levels as well as uniform inlet flow. The distorted flow fields of different levels are generated by annular distortion flow gen-erators of different heights. The characteristic curves under these conditions are measured and ana-lyzed. The results show that the radial inlet distortion could cause a stall margin loss from 2% to 30% under different distorted levels. The SPS casing treatment could remedy this stall margin loss under small distortion level and only partly make up the stall margin loss caused by distortion in large level without leading to perceptible additional efficiency loss and obvious change of charac-teristic curves. The pre-stall behavior of the compressor is investigated to reveal the mechanism of this stall margin improvement ability of the SPS casing treatment. The results do show that this casing treatment delays the occurrence of rotating stall by weakening the pressure perturbations and suppressing the nonlinear amplification of the stall precursor waves in the compression system.     

两种紊流模型在通流计算中的应用研究

为验证紊流模型在基于周向平均Navier-Stokes方程的通流计算中的适用性，本文给出了周向平均形式的Spalart-Allmaras紊流模型，并选择Baldwin-Lomax模型作为对比。通过两个经典简单算例以及两个典型叶轮机械算例对采用了上述两种紊流模型的通流模型进行验证与对比。两个经典简单算例结果表明，上述两种紊流模型在无叶片的通流模型中均能够准确预测附面层发展，捕获激波，预测分离流动。两个典型叶轮机械算例结果表明两种紊流模型对轴流式叶轮机械的子午流面气动布局以及总体气动性能具备一定的的预测能力。在单转子算例中，S-A模型的计算结果略优于B-L模型的计算结果；在双级高压涡轮算例中两种紊流模型对总体性能参数以及气流角的计算结果相差不大，且S-A模型计算的马赫数比B-L模型的偏小。     

某型发动机进气机匣联动环跑道裂纹修复技术研究

对某型发动机进气机匣联动环跑道裂纹故障进行机理分析,认为联动环跑道处的机加接痕明显,发动机工作过程中风扇一级转子叶片激起机匣振动,机匣本身强度不足,导致在故障部位萌生裂纹并扩展。采用激光熔覆+氩弧焊复合方式利用导热法原理进行修复,自制铜夹具进行导热,可以减少机件的形变量;通过改变坡口形式、减少金属熔覆填充量,改变激光熔覆的工艺参数,控制热输入量、单位能量密度,可以使形变量进一步减少,满足了产品尺寸和形位要求。