Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

飞行员疲劳监测中的人眼定位及状态判别研究

飞行员驾驶疲劳是影响飞行安全的重要因素之一。常用基于人眼识别的方法对飞行员进行疲劳监测，其关键是人眼定位及状态判别。利用改进的平均合成滤波器算法定位人眼，根据模糊综合评价思想，判定人眼睁开闭合状态，根据PERCLOS疲劳检测方法对飞行员进行疲劳监测。实验表明，改进的人眼定位方法具有更高的精确度和鲁棒性，提出的人眼状态判定方法能够满足疲劳监测需要。为最终构建一种机载的、实时的、非接触式的飞行员疲劳监测系统提供了理论基础。     

某型APU主机滑油消耗量大故障排除

针对某型辅助动力装置修理后试车中多次出现主机滑油消耗量大的故障,分析了辅助动力装置滑油系统工作原理,查找故障原因,并制订了相应的控制措施,解决了因主机修理原因造成的辅助动力装置滑油消耗量大故障。     

火花放电合成射流与超声速来流相互干扰特性数值模拟研究

为了指导火花放电式合成射流激励器在超声速流动控制中的应用,数值模拟研究了火花放电合成射流与超声速来流的相互干扰特性。研究表明火花放电式合成射流在超声速流场中产生强烈扰动,产生较强的激波结构;随着射流的喷出,激励器上游分离区和流场中激波呈先增强后减弱的趋势,激波由弓形激波逐渐弱化为斜激波,并且随着放电能量的增加射流与主流的动量通量比不断增大,射流的干扰和控制能力显著增强。由于超声速流的较大惯性及其对腔内气体的引射作用,激励器的腔体回填速率大幅下降、回填时间明显增长,使得激励器的工作频率受到很大限制。     

Effects of synthetic jet frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct

Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effects of synthetic jet actuation frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct. The Reynolds number based on the entrance height was 9.78×105. At first, the numerical model was validated with experimental data, and then, the interaction between the separated flow and the synthetic jets at different frequencies was discussed. The results demonstrate that the control effect is significantly dependent on the momentum mixing enhancement between inside of the separated boundary layer and the outer flow. There exists a narrow range of actuation frequency, in which effective separation control can be achieved using synthetic jets. A dimensionless frequency F+=1.0 is identified as the optimal frequency, with a momentum coefficient of 1.62×10-3, the separation area is reduced about 46%, and the aerodynamic performance of the S-duct is also greatly improved compared to uncontrolled case. Further analysis reveals that the choice of actuation frequency is mainly determined by the momentum flux produced by a single ejection and the spacing between adjacent ejections, the optimal frequency case can be understood as a balance between the two factors. In addition, it is found that the synthetic jets can also suppress the secondary flows while decreasing the separation.      

U型节流槽等压差活门内流场特性

以某U型节流槽等压差活门为研究对象,开展了内流场性能数值模拟研究.基于三维建模造型技术对所设计的压差活门进行初步建模,然后采用周期性网格网格单元划分等压差活门的结构化网格;进而通过CFD数值模拟进行了内流场仿真分析,并对不同出口节流开度的等压 差活门模型进行了对比研究.内流场状态表明:U型节流槽等压差活门不同流量以及不同出口节流开度下在节流口处由于面积突变,压力梯度变化较大,等压差活门的压降主要集中在此处,且均存在一定范围低速团与二次旋涡流等.仿真结果预测的外特性性能表明:等压差活门的压差在不同流量工况下和相同流量的不同出口节流开度下,压差维持在0.9MPa左右,符合设计要求.且不同出口节流开度下压差变化趋势相似,出口节流开度越大,压差越大,小流量下相应更快.      

蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离性能计算

为对航空发动机蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离效率进行研究,建立考虑油气双向耦合的流场计算方法及油滴/壁面相互作用模型,在验证通风阻力及油气分离效率可靠性的基础上,对不同转速、通风流量和环境温度下蜂窝式轴心通风器的油气分离效果进行计算和分析.结果表明:转速的增加会使油气分离效率得到提升,而通风流量和环境温度的增加则导致油气分离效率的降低.蜂窝孔结构的加入对通风阻力影响不大,却对通风器的滑油分离过程起主要作用,计算表明其对滑油分离贡献率在80%以上.      

煤基喷气燃料在地面单管燃烧室内燃烧和排放特性研究

为研究煤基喷气燃料的燃烧和排放特性,通过改造的单管燃烧室评估了煤基喷气燃料和石油基RP-3喷气燃料的燃烧和排放特性差异.试验结果表明:煤基喷气燃料具有更加优异的贫油点火和贫油熄火性能,两种喷气燃料的燃烧和排放特性随燃油流量和燃烧室出口温度的改变呈现出一致的变化趋势,在相同质量流量下,煤基喷气燃料的燃烧和排放性能要低于RP-3,在相同燃烧室出口温度时,煤基喷气燃料燃烧时的壁温要低于RP-3.      

煤基喷气燃料代用组分神经网络混合构建方法

为了建立航空燃料的喷雾模型,用于高保真液雾燃烧数值模拟,提出了基于人工神经网络混合模型的煤基喷气燃料代用组分构建方法.基于这一构建方法,重点针对煤基喷气燃料的雾化特性,利用多组分混合燃料的理化性质数据库对神经网络进行训练,获得了混合燃料理化性质隐式预测模型,结合随机投点优化方法,构建出能够很好地模拟煤基喷气燃料目标理化性质的代用组分.结果表明:该代用组分包含了5种碳氢化合物成分,摩尔分数为11.46%正癸烷、23.29%正十二烷、49.87%正十四烷、6.66%异辛烷和8.72%甲基环己烷.通过雾化特性实验,验证了代用组分对真实燃料雾化性能的模拟效果.该代用组分构建方法可以较好地解决混合燃料模拟过程中的非线性问题,通过改变目标理化性质可构建出相应代用组分.      

点燃式航空重油活塞发动机冷起动控制策略

针对点燃式航空重油活塞发动机低温起动困难问题,采取了空气辅助缸内直喷技术手段,开展了冷起动控制策略研究及试验验证研究,解决了-10 ℃发动机低温顺利起动问题。提取了影响冷起动的关键控制参数,并对其进行了规律研究,获得了环境温度对各参数的最优匹配结果及试验验证;定义了点燃式重油发动机的冷起动阶段,根据匹配和试验结果获得了关键参数与缸体温度的映射关系,设计了冷起动策略并进行了试验验证。结果表明:缸体温度在-10～20 ℃之间,最佳喷油提前角在上止点前50°~85°范围,最佳点火提前角为上止点前45°可以保证重油发动机平稳起动,起动时间小于3 s。