GAP基含能聚氨酯弹性体包覆RDX的研究

为了以较小的能量损失获得低感度的包覆RDX,采用液相沉淀法,以GAP基含能聚氨酯弹性体对RDX进行了包覆研究。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、有机元素分析、感度测试、流散性测试等方法对包覆样品进行了表征。结果表明,包覆样品颗粒表面有明显包覆层存在,颗粒流散性较包覆前有所提高,包覆度R为72.5%,包覆层质量分数为0.98%,与投料值1%基本相当;热分解峰温较包覆前有所降低;包覆样品的FTIR谱图中在2 100 cm-1附近含有明显的—N3吸收峰,且峰形尖锐;以1%GAP基聚氨酯弹性体包覆的RDX的特性落高从包覆前的25.6 cm提高到47.9 cm,增加近1倍;摩擦感度爆炸百分数从72%下降到40%。     

飞机典型结构件防护涂层耐腐蚀试验对比研究

基于2种涂层的飞机典型结构模拟试验件加速腐蚀及老化试验,得到涂层光泽度和色差随加速腐蚀时间的变化规律。利用灰色关联分析方法,对影响涂层腐蚀损伤的9个评定指标进行量化比较,计算出2种涂层防护体系评价指标与参考标准之间的关联度大小,并对2种涂层防护体系进行了综合评定。结果表明,2种涂层光泽度和色差变化均随加速腐蚀时间增加而增大,TB06-9涂层较H06-076涂层变化更明显,H06-076涂层的防护效果优于TB06-9涂层。     

快响应PSP技术用于高超声速圆柱绕流的非定常压力测量

压敏涂料(PSP)技术是飞行器风洞实验大面积定量测压和流动显示的重要工具。为了发展非定常流动压力测量和脉冲风洞中全局压力测量能力,航天空气动力技术研究院开发了快速响应压敏涂料技术,与中科院化学所共同合作开发的压敏涂料采用PtTFPP作为发光基团,稳定性较强,持续光照下发光强度衰减为1.5%/h。采用自主研制的静态标定设备在标定腔内测量不同温度和压力条件下20mm×20mm涂料样片的表面发光强度来确定涂料的压力响应特性和Stern-Volmer公式,并设计制作了2套快响应时间动态标定设备,测得涂料典型响应时间在0.2ms。在中国航天空气动力技术研究院FD-03高超声速风洞中对平板圆柱装置进行了Ma=5的 PSP 试验,利用高速相机采集图像数据后,经过批量数据处理,采集频率为250Hz,得到了间隔时间4ms 的连续压力场数据。结合纹影图像和油流图对得到的PSP结果进行了分析,利用同时采集的测压孔数据对PSP 结果进行了比较。试验结果表明,快响应PSP技术可以更详细地显示流场结构,并能同时得到很好的定量压力数据。     

Preparation of CF/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered rubber for aircraft sealing and electromagnetic interference shielding applications

To meet the needs of preventing information leakage in space engineering and military industry, an efficient method was introduced to obtain layered electromagnetic shielding sealing rubber. The carbon fiber, Ni-Fe coating, and Carbon NanoTube (CNT) were combined by chemical plating and in-situ polymerization to obtain a lightweight (0.14 g/cm²) and thin (1 mm thick) Carbon fiber Fabric (CF)/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered electromagnetic shielding composites. The layered material obtained by adjusting the electroless plating time exhibited a high Shielding Efficiency (SE) of 60.2–85.5 dB in the range of 0–4800 MHz, which can be used for aviation electromagnetic shielding. Carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes mainly attenuated electromagnetic waves through absorption loss, while the nickel-iron alloy coating through reflection loss interacted with the magnetic vector of incident ElectroMagnetic (EM) radiation and magnetic dipoles, therefore, the EM Interference (EMI) shielding composite attenuated EM waves with the “absorption-reflection-absorption” cooperative interaction. Moreover, the flexible fabric substrate adhered with silicone rubber possessed a breaking elongation of 52.3%, which can be utilized as a good sealing material. Simultaneously, the outstanding exothermicity (67.2 °C under the applied voltage of 5 V) makes it possible to be applied in electric heating area. The electromagnetic shielding composites prepared in this paper have good potential in the fields of precision electronic equipment and aviation systems.     

硅化物涂层电子束重熔表面改性技术

在Nb521铌合金表面采用料浆烧结法制备硅化物涂层,利用高频扫描电子束对硅化物涂层进行重熔处理,通过扫描电子显微镜对处理样品表面形貌进行组织结构分析。研究表明,经过电子束重熔处理,硅化物涂层表面陶瓷晶粒粒度降低,表面粗糙度降低,陶瓷颗粒之间烧结作用增强,重熔区域与未处理区域具有明显的边界,电子束能量分布较均匀,电子束重熔提高了硅化物涂层的抗氧化性能和抗热震性能。     

RP-3航空煤油燃烧的详细和简化化学动力学模型

建立了一个包含109组分和946个基元反应的煤油燃烧详细化学反应动力学模型,采用"准稳态"假设方法来对其进行简化,得到了包含22组分18步总包反应的简化反应模型.通过与典型实验结果和文献计算结果对比可以看出,简化模型具有较高的准确性,能够准确反映出RP-3航空煤油点火特性,能够用来对煤油燃烧问题进行准确的数值模拟.      

Erosion of a Polyimide Material Exposed to Simulated Atomic Oxygen Environment

Oxygen plasma source generated by thermal cathode filament discharge has been used to study the erosion process of polyimide (PI) materials in atomic oxygen (AO) environment, and their mass loss, surface morphology and surface chemical compositions have been examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after exposure to incremental AO flux. The data indicate that the physical adsorption of AO at the samples' surface results in the increase of oxygen concentration when polyimide is exposed to AO flux. Then selective chemical reactions of groups of polyimide materials with AO yield volatile organic compounds, sample mass loss is on linear increase and carpet-like surface morphology forms. In the initial exposure to AO, the reaction occurs mainly between AO and carbon in specific location of aromatic ring, then the reaction rate of C=O groups gradually increases. After AO exposure, the oxygen concentration increases while nitrogen and carbon concentration decreases. Reaction rate of groups containing nitrogen is slower compared with carbon and oxygen.     

微生物对航空煤油影响的实验研究

微生物活动会造成航空煤油变质、过滤器阻塞、设备腐蚀、仪表失灵等严重后果,影响航空安全。将采集的污染航空煤油试样,与纯净油品在实验室进行富集培养,研究了微生物油品污染前后的密度、粘度、总酸值、固体颗粒、冰点等指标的变化情况。指出了现有航空油料管理规定在微生物检测方面所存在的不足,提出了增加部分检测指标的建议,以尽早发现微生物的活动。     

长寿命卫星热控涂层性能退化及其对卫星热特征的影响

分析了卫星热控涂层在轨运行时所面临的复杂的空间辐照环境,在国 内外试验数据的基础上,给出了热控涂层在空间辐照环境作用下的退化模型,得到了退化前 后热控涂层光学性能变化的表达式,预测了几种常用热控涂层在空间环境下的退化结果。并 以一颗地球同步轨道模拟星为例,分析热控涂层性能退化对卫星热特征尤其是对卫星红外辐 射特性的影响。
     

DSM11镍基高温合金表面三种涂层高温性能

DSM11镍基高温合金表面制备Al-Si、Al和Co-Al三种涂层,研究三种涂层在900℃下的涂盐（质量分数为5% NaCl+95% Na₂SO₄）热腐蚀性能和800℃下的疲劳性能。实验结果表明:在900℃热腐蚀200h后,Al-Si涂层和Co-Al涂层表面腐蚀区均形成了以Al₂O₃为主的连续且致密的氧化层,抑制热腐蚀反应的进行,具有一定的抗热腐蚀性能;Al涂层表面腐蚀区形成了混合型氧化层,热腐蚀反应会持续进行,抗热腐蚀性能较差。在800℃的疲劳实验后,Al-Si涂层表面生成大量的微裂纹,涂层容易发生开裂,进而引起合金试样快速断裂;Co-Al涂层和Al涂层的合金试样表现较好的抗高温疲劳性能。在高温合金的防护涂层使用中,要充分考虑到涂层的服役环境,对相关性能进行综合评价,选出最适合的防护涂层。