后排转子直径对对转螺旋桨气动和声学特性的影响

基于非线性谐波法和声类比模型，研究了不同后排转子直径对对转螺旋桨气动特性和噪声的影响规律。首先，利用单排螺旋桨风洞试验结果验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。随后，以某型对转螺旋桨为研究对象，研究了6种具有不同后排转子直径的对转螺旋桨模型。研究发现，对转螺旋桨后排转子直径“裁剪”会降低后排螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数，但对效率的影响不明显。随着后排转子直径的减小，前排转子的叶片通过频率下的噪声几乎没有变化，但高阶噪声变化幅度较大。后排转子减小0.25倍直径，后排转子的叶片通过频率下的噪声降低约为9 dB。后排转子直径“裁剪”不仅可以降低后排转子噪声，在一定程度上也可以降低前排转子的噪声。通过叶片“裁剪”，对转螺旋桨气动噪声降低5~6 dB。对转螺旋桨后排转子直径的减小，减弱了对转螺旋桨叶尖涡干涉和尾迹干涉，并减弱了前后排桨叶的势流场干涉，进而降低了对转螺旋桨的噪声辐射。     

模块化月球表层采样力学模型

因不受作业空间的限制，月球表层采样机具设计形式多样，为建模分析带来较大难度。为避免不同结构机具分析时重复建模，建立了一种模块化的月球表层采样力学模型。该模型将复杂的采样机具拆分成若干个基本面单元，基于朗肯土压力理论、最大抗剪强度理论和地基极限承载力理论对面单元在采样过程中的受力进行分析，组合各个面单元所受到的力获得复杂机具的力学模型。基于不同机具形式与贯入角度的模拟月壤贯入试验，对理论模型进行了试验验证，通过引入月壤密度沿深度的影响修正公式，将理论模型的误差率降低至8.2%。结果证明该力学模型和模块化理论可行，为后期月球表层采样机具的设计研发提供了参考。     

具有动态领导者的多智能体系统分组一致性控制

对一类具有动态领导者的非线性多智能体系统的一致性进行研究，解决了领导-跟随一致性控制问题。首先，考虑到多目标任务中广泛存在的合作-竞争机制和领导者的控制输入非零的情况，基于邻居智能体的相对状态信息，设计了一类分布式的分组一致性控制器。通过在所设计的控制器中增加补偿项，解决了由领导者非零控制输入引出的问题。引入了一类Lipschitz-like条件，解决了非线性项在实现分组一致时所带来的困难。其次，利用图论和构造Lyapunov函数，通过求解代数Riccati方程得出了系统实现分组一致性的充分条件，并基于所设计的控制器实现了多智能体系统动态领导-跟随的分组一致性控制。最后，通过数值仿真和结果分析验证了所提出控制方案的有效性和可行性。     

Effect of Martian atmosphere on aerodynamic performance of supersonic parachute two-body systems

Supersonic flows around parachute two-body systems are numerically investigated by solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. In the present study, both rigid and flexible parachute models are considered, which comprise a capsule and a canopy. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of the Martian atmosphere on the unsteady flows produced by these parachute two-body models and the structural behavior of the flexible canopy. It was found that in the Martian atmosph...     

后桨桨距角对某共轴对转螺旋桨性能影响规律研究

共轴对转螺旋桨的桨距角对前后排桨的桨间气动干扰有重要影响,能够改变螺旋桨的气动性能。为了研究后桨桨距角对共轴对转螺旋桨的气动干扰影响,改善螺旋桨的气动性能,在来流马赫数0.453 的情况下,通过调节后桨桨距角的方式对6×6 构型的共轴对转螺旋桨进行数值计算,数值计算中使用非定常雷诺平均纳维—斯托克斯（URANS）方程结合SST 湍流模型的方法,并采用T-Rex 高质量网格生成技术研究桨距角对共轴对转螺旋桨桨间气动干扰的变化规律。结果表明：后桨在前排桨产生的预旋气流作用下,能够吸收一部分前桨的切向滑流能量,且气动效率高于前桨,前后桨的气动参数在一个旋转周期内出现12 次周期性波动;共轴对转桨的前后桨转速相同时,前桨桨距角不变,减小后桨桨距角,前后桨的气动效率都会增加,后桨效率提升明显。     

基于模型定义的复合材料旁路挤压试验压缩夹具参数化设计

针对民用飞机复合材料许用值试验开展中需要设计大量构型类似而繁杂的试验夹具,为提高夹具设计的效率和准确性、促进设计的标准化,本文总结了 ASTM标准中复合材料旁路挤压试验的压缩试验夹具构型设计和制造等相关信息,采用包含基于模型的定义(Model Based Definition,MBD)信息的CATIA二次开发方法,提出...     

Advanced analytical model for orbital aerodynamic prediction in LEO

The growing interest in low earth orbit (LEO) applications demands for accurate modeling of orbital aerodynamics. But classical analytical models of aerodynamic coefficients in free molecule flow, such as the Sentman’s model, Schamberg’s model and Schaaf-Chambre model, were built upon over simplistic gas-surface interaction models, which degrade the fidelity of aerodynamic prediction. This work presents a new analytical model of orbital aerodynamic coefficients based on the state-of-the-art Cercignani–Lampis–Lord (CLL) gas-surface interaction model, where lobular quasi-specular scattering pattern and separate accommodation degree for different velocity components can be well captured. A key component of the new model is a rigorous function approximation solution of the reflected normal momentum flux based on the CLL model which is derived for the first time and is validated within 1% for any hypothermal flow and surface accommodation conditions. Closed-form analytical solutions of aerodynamic coefficients for simple convex geometries are obtained and exhibit high accuracy (within 0.1%) in typical LEO scenarios. The new analytical model surpasses the classical models in some important aspects, such as overcoming the diffuse scattering hypothesis constraint, considering the variation of normal momentum exchange with the surface incidence angle and being applicable in any hypothermal flow situation. In virtue of the advanced CLL model and feasibility of coupling with the panel method technique, the new analytical model is promising to provide more accurate predictions on the orbital aerodynamic coefficients for LEO applications.     

Land use and cover change (LUCC) impacts on Earth’s eco-environments: Research progress and prospects

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is one of the key variables dominating land–atmosphere interactions and strongly affects the Earth’s eco-environments by altering surface properties. Numerous studies have been carried out to assess the impact of LUCC. However, the Earth is a large, open and complex system characterized by complex interactions between its eco-environments and drivers. This study aimed to summarize previous studies of the impact of LUCC on the Earth’s eco-environments and discuss the progress and limitations in suggesting future directions. Previous studies have confirmed that LUCC has a wide range of impacts on the Earth’s eco-environments, which are represented by the alternation of climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity), hydrology (soil moisture, runoff, and evapotranspiration), ecology and environmental (air, water, and soil) pollution. Physically, the impacts were mainly attributed to the disturbance of the surface radiation budget and matter conservation caused by LUCC. Although great achievements have been made, several challenges remain because of the unavoidable uncertainties in data sources and methodologies and the complexity of eco-environmental evolution. Therefore, data assimilation, physical-based investigations, contribution isolation, and full-process analysis are required to overcome these challenges in future research. The results of this study helped to capture the impact of LUCC and its physical mechanisms, which provide useful clues for future research and support the relative land use management for sustainable development.     

A Robotic TeleoperationSystem for Precise Robotic Manipulation by Human-Machine Interaction

Teleoperation is of great importance in the area of robotics， especially when people are unavailable in the robot workshop. It provides a way for people to control robots remotely using human intelligence. In this paper， a robotic teleoperation system for precise robotic manipulation is established. The data glove and the 7-degrees of freedom (DOFs) force feedback controller are used for the remote control interaction. The control system and the monitor system are designed for the remote precise manipulation. The monitor system contains an image acquisition system and a human-machine interaction module， and aims to simulate and detect the robot running state. Besides，a visual object tracking algorithm is developed to estimate the states of the dynamic system from noisy observations. The established robotic teleoperation systemis applied to a series of experiments， and high-precision results are obtained， showing the effectiveness of the physical system.     

水下航行体舵板张开特性研究与分析

在对流固耦合仿真计算方法分析的基础上,建立起水下航行体舵板张开过程的仿真计算模型,采用该模型 对舵板张开过程的角速度、载荷以及响应等变化规律进行了研究。在水下航行体发射试验中,对舵板张开角度、舵 板应变等参数进行了测试,对测试获取的数据与仿真结果进行了对比分析,研究表明二者一致性较好,能够为水下 航行体的水弹道分析和舵板的结构设计、材料选择等提供指导。