叶顶间隙对人工心脏泵血液相容性影响的数值研究

采用定常和非定常数值方法系统研究了离心血泵在供压173 mmHg时,4组不同叶顶间隙下的血流动力学特性和血液相容性。所研究的间隙分别为5.0、2.0、1.0 mm和0.2 mm,对速度、湍动能等参数的分布规律以及标准溶血指数(normalized index of hemolysis,NIH)随叶顶间隙大小的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:在流量3.0 L/min,供压173 mmHg工况下,原型血泵有较好的血液相容性;随着叶顶间隙的减小,最大切应力与标准溶血指数呈显著单峰变化趋势,在1.0 mm间隙结构取得最低标准溶血指数0.000 5 g/100 L,并降低了在叶轮侧壁与泵壳下壁面的狭缝内形成血栓的风险;定常与非定常的结果对比表明:定常结果往往会过小的预测溶血,瞬态标准溶血指数随叶轮转动呈周期性变化,其平均值与定常结果相差在5%以内。      

飞机前轮随滑行速度限偏的分析研究

飞机在起飞降落阶段前轮偏度过大会发生侧翻,应根据滑跑速度合理限制前轮的偏度。基于侧翻现象发生的原理,通过分析起飞降落阶段前轮偏转时飞机相对侧翻轴的合力矩,得到前轮极限滚动方向偏度;建立前轮滚动方向偏度和偏转角度的关系,计算起飞降落状态下各速度的前轮限偏角度以及考虑飞机螺旋桨不对称滑流的前轮中立位,得到前轮的偏转范围。结果表明：计算得到的前轮限偏范围符合前轮限偏的一般特性,能够防止侧翻的同时最大保留前轮纠偏能力。     

压气机转子叶片叶尖流场的低速模化设计

针对带进口导叶的高速压气机第1级转子叶片的叶尖流场进行了低速模化设计,为后续的低速压气机叶尖流场损失和失速测试试验做了准备.利用叶片造型和数值模拟方法,以保证高、低速压气机转子叶片表面压力系数及叶片排进、出口主要气动参数分布相似为目标,对高速原型压气机进行低速模化设计,包括调整流道形状,对叶型进行反复迭代,并在进口导叶和1级转子叶片的造型设计上突破了几何相似的限制.最后,对高低速压气机的几何、气动参数和流场结构进行了全面的计算对比分析,证明采用所提出的低速模化设计方法是成功的,实现了在流量系数相同的情况下,加工量因子和转子扩压因子分别为98.16%,94.95%的相似度.      

基于检测结果的涡轮叶片精铸型腔反变形优化设计

针对空心涡轮叶片精铸过程中的试错法和数值仿真法难以敏捷反应铸件的真实变形情况,提出一种基于检测结果的精铸零件反变形综合补偿方法.通过对精铸叶片试模样件进行三坐标检测及统计分析,得到叶身截面收缩、扭转和弯曲变形情况,并建立其综合补偿反变形模具型腔优化算法,实现精铸型腔的反变形优化设计.以精铸叶片试模样件叶尖处截面为例,其叶身段型面误差、前缘最大误差、后缘最大误差相对于未补偿前分别减少了50%,68%和31%.实例验证表明:其研究成果能有效提高空心涡轮叶片的精铸成型精度,达到精确控形的目的.      

汽雾两相流强化冷却燃气轮机叶片内冷通道

实验研究了方形通道这一重型燃气轮机中常用叶片强制对流冷却通道结构.分析了雷诺数、壁面热流密度以及水雾质量流量比等关键参数对汽雾冷却通道的传热特性的影响,并建立了考虑离散相水雾的流动工况和通道壁面加热条件的实验关联式.结果表明:相对于纯蒸汽,汽雾两相流的传热系数显著提高,且传热性能提高的幅度随热流密度的增大而减小,随雷诺数和水雾质量流量比的增大而增大;通道上壁面平均传热系数低于下壁面,在高热流密度和低水雾质量流量比下,两者相差约13%,而在低热流密度与高水雾质量流量比的情况下,该比值增加到约25%.      

基于热态叶型的小轮毂比弯掠叶片结构保形设计与优化

发展了一种保持且基于气动设计给定的热态叶型的冷态叶型迭代解算方法,并将其融入叶片罩量调节的优化设计,其中在热态叶型的基础上调节罩量,针对冷态叶型计算变形与应力等,变形后的叶片逼近热态叶型,尽可能减小了对热态叶型气动特性的影响.实现了冷态叶型迭代求解与罩量调节中结构有限元网格的自动更新,并基于iSIGHT优化平台,建立了叶片罩量调节多目标优化设计的自动化分析流程,并以一小轮毂比弯掠风扇叶片罩量调节为例,考查了罩量调节中考虑轮盘与否对优化设计结果的影响.计算分析实例表明:所发展的方法可在保持热态叶型的前提下使叶片最大应力和最大变形分别下降了10.6%和46%.      

飞机发动机叶片缺陷的差激励涡流传感器检测

针对某型号飞机发动机涡轮叶片上预制的微裂纹缺陷进行了检测研究.基于涡流检测技术设计并研制了一种尺寸小、灵敏度高的差激励探头,应用有限元分析软件开展了叶片微裂纹缺陷仿真分析.为了实现叶片的自动高效检测,设计并采用数控多自由度扫查台来控制采集过程,实现了对叶片表面裂纹缺陷的快速扫查检测.采集信号经过信号调理电路,A/D转换后输入计算机,完成信号的保存、处理和输出.通过对比实验结果与仿真结果发现,研制的差激励式涡流传感器可以有效地实现对叶片类零件表面微裂纹位置的判定,对涡轮叶片类零件微缺陷早期诊断评估具有一定的现实和借鉴意义.      

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

Polyhedron tracking and gravity tractor asteroid deflection

In the wake of the Chelyabinsk airburst, the defense against hazardous asteroids is becoming a topic of high interest. This work improves the gravity tractor asteroid deflection approach by tracking realistic small body shapes with tilted ion engines. An algorithm for polyhedron tracking was evaluated in a fictitious impact scenario. The simulations suggest a capability increase up to 38.2% with such improved tilting strategies. The long- and short-term effects within polyhedron tracking are illustrated. In particular, the orbital reorientation effect is influential when realistic asteroid shapes and rotations are accounted for. Also analyzed is the subject of altitude profiles, a way to tailor the gravity tractor performance, and to achieve a steering ability within the B-plane. A novel analytical solution for the classic gravity tractor is derived. It removes the simulation need for classic tractor designs to obtain comparable two body model Δv$\mathrm{\Delta }v$ figures. This paper corroborates that the asteroid shape can be exploited for maximum performance. Even a single engine tilt adjustment at the beginning of deflection operations yields more deflection than a fixed preset tilt.     

双后掠鸭翼气动特性的数值模拟

首先针对具有中等前缘后掠角梯形鸭翼的缺点提出双后掠鸭翼概念,然后分别对安装梯形鸭翼和双后掠鸭翼的近距耦合鸭式布局的气动性能进行数值模拟研究,分析影响双后掠鸭翼气动性能的流动机理。研究表明：在大迎角时,对于双后掠鸭翼,具有较大前缘后掠角的外翼段可以使鸭翼涡在涡核破裂后仍能形成稳定集中涡并保持较高的强度,增加鸭翼本身的失速迎角,并通过诱导作用改善机翼外翼段流场,进而提高全机大迎角性能,但在小迎角时会破坏鸭翼附着流或前缘气泡涡的发展,造成略微的升力损失。拥有较大失速迎角的双后掠鸭翼在小迎角时具有较大的可用偏度,可以增强布局的抬头控制能力。双后掠鸭翼在满足隐身约束的前提下,超声速阻力较小,具有较好的超声速性能。