一体化凹腔支板稳定器贫油熄火性能初步试验

在来流温度773~1 073 K、来流马赫数020~032及常压条件下,试验研究了来流温度及马赫数对一体化凹腔支板稳定器(ICBSF)贫油熄火(LBO)性能的影响。结果表明:由于凹腔结构有利于燃油的蒸发与雾化,一体化凹腔支板稳定器的贫油熄火油气比为0001 3~0002 7,具有较宽的贫油熄火边界;与传统钝体火焰器类似,一体化支板稳定器的贫熄油气比随着来流马赫数的增加而增大,随着来流温度的升高而减小。此外,当来流温度显著增高时,来流马赫数对一体化支板稳定器贫油熄火油气比的影响变弱;同样,当来流马赫数显著增高时,来流温度的影响也变弱。     

基于激光多普勒原理的极低风速测量实验

介绍了利用激光多普勒效应进行风速测量的原理及定点遥测原理,分析了探测气溶胶颗粒大小的要求,并以此搭建了一套极低风速测量系统。同时分析了系统的测速精度,以及安装角度对测量结果的影响。最后分别开展了转台实验、直线导轨实验和风洞实验,实验结果表明,该极低风速测量系统的测量误差基本可以控制在001 m/s以内,当风洞工作介质为未经处理的环境空气时,系统可以获得稳定可靠的信号,测量结果与高性能仪器十分接近。     

极低压下两相流挤压油膜阻尼器油膜参数特性

针对极低供油压力工况开展实验研究,以考察气液两相流对挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD)油膜参数特性的影响。结果表明:当SFD入口气体体积分数小于0.9时,油膜阻尼随着入口气体体积分数的增加而减小,直至气体体积分数增大到0.9时,油膜阻尼是纯油状态时阻尼的60%;当气体体积分数大于0.9时,油膜阻尼大幅减小至几乎可以忽略不计。现有理论模型并不适用于极低供油压力工况。基于实验结果,找到了最符合SFD两相流动的等效黏度模型,其理论预测的油膜阻尼与不同供油压力下的实验数据吻合较好,为SFD两相流研究的模型选择提供了依据。     

基于正交优化设计的诱导轮空化性能研究

为了研究不同结构因素对诱导轮空化性能的影响及主次顺序,基于正交优化设计,采用数值模拟的方法,通过诱导轮可视化试验进行验证,对某型诱导轮及其改型进行了分析。仿真计算得到的不同空化数下空穴形态与实验结果吻合较好,断裂空化数的计算结果与实验结果误差为0.3%。仿真及实验结果表明,诱导轮发生扬程断裂不仅与空穴区占流道体积的大小有关,还与空穴区在流道中分布的位置有关,空穴区位置越靠后,越容易发生扬程断裂;对诱导轮空化性能及水力效率影响最大的结构因素为入口安放角,其次为入口修圆包角;入口等螺距段长度和变螺距段长度较小时可以提高诱导轮的空化性能。     

Quantifying the role of solar radiative forcing over the 20th century

The 20th century temperature anomaly record is reproduced using an energy balance model, with a diffusive deep ocean. The model takes into account all the standard radiative forcings, and in addition the possibility of a non-thermal solar component. The model is parameterized and then optimized to produce the most likely values for the climate parameters and radiative forcings which reproduce the 20th century global warming. We find that the best fit is obtained with a negligible net feedback. We also show that a non-thermal solar component is necessarily present, indicating that the total solar contribution to the 20th century global warming, of ΔT_solar = 0.27 ± 0.07 °C, is much larger than can be expected from variation in the total solar irradiance alone. However, we also find that the largest contribution to the 20th century warming comes from anthropogenic sources, with ΔT_man = 0.42 ± 0.11 °C.     

Protecting Earth-orbiting spacecraft against micro-meteoroid/orbital debris impact damage using composite structural systems and materials: An overview

Spacecraft that are launched to operate in Earth orbit are susceptible to impacts by meteoroids and pieces of orbital debris (MMOD). The effect of a MMOD particle impact on a spacecraft depends on where the impact occurs, the size, composition, and speed of the impacting object, the function of the impacted system. In order to perform a risk analysis for a particular spacecraft under a specific mission profile, it is important to know whether or not the impacting particle (or its remnants) will exit the rear of an impacted spacecraft wall. A variety of different ballistic limit equations (BLEs) have been developed for many different types of structural wall configurations. BLEs can be used to optimize the design of spacecraft wall parameters so that the resulting configuration is able to withstand the anticipated variety of on-orbit high-speed impact scenarios. While the level of effort exerted in studying the response of metallic multi-wall systems to high speed particle impact is quite substantial, the extent of the effort to study composite material and composite structural systems under similar impact conditions has been much more limited. This paper presents an overview of the activities performed to assess the resiliency of composite structures and materials under high speed projectile impact. The activities reviewed will be those that have been aimed at increasing the level of protection afforded to spacecraft operating in the MMOD environment, and more specifically, on those activities performed to mitigate the mechanical and structural effects of an MMOD impact.     

气动换向阀阀芯/阀座撞击特性研究

针对某型气动换向阀在研制过程中出现由于阀芯/阀座撞击变形导致阀芯卡死的现象,对阀芯/阀座的撞击特性进行了仿真研究,定量分析了撞击过程以及不同阀座高度对撞击特性的影响,根据仿真结果对换向阀进行了改进设计,试验结果表明改进后的换向阀满足使用要求.     

片光反射遮挡式超高速亚毫米粒子探测技术

为满足在超高速碰撞靶上开展航天器抗空间碎片防护性能试验，需要准确测量速度3～10km／s，以及更高速度的毫米级或亚毫米级粒子的飞行速度，在可以实现毫米级粒子探测的片光遮挡式粒子探测技术基础上发展了片光反射遮挡式粒子探测技术，通过采用提高粒子直径与激光光束宽度的比值，解决了探测粒子直径小于1mm时探测信号弱不能识别等关键技术，研制了试验装置并开展了验证试验，研究结果表明该技术在0．2～10km／s速度范围内可实现直径为0．1mm量级粒子的有效探测。     

风力机组叶片的先进翼型族设计

大型风力机组叶片设计需要专用的翼型族,以满足风力机组运行的环境要求。高升阻比、低粗糙度影响是该翼型族的气动性能特点。为了发展我国具有自主知识产权的风力机专用翼型族,在科技部863项目的支持下,北京航空航天大学联合国内气动研究单位,通过理论分析、数值模拟和风洞试验等技术途径,开发了两个适用于大型风力机组叶片的先进翼型族。理论分析和风洞试验表明,设计结果基本达到了预先设定的气动性能指标。     

椭球台高杆灯风荷载的实验研究

通过风洞实验研究了多钝体高杆灯在不同水平风向角和竖向风向角下的力与力矩系数。实验结果表明在一定的风向角下，法向阻力系数Cdmax=1.030,法向弯曲力矩系数Cmmax=-0.940,轴向力系数Camax=0.504和Camin=-0．600。