Space very long baseline interferometry in China

Space very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) has unique applications in high-resolution imaging of the fine structure of astronomical objects and high-precision astrometry due to the key long space–Earth or space–space baselines beyond the Earth’s diameter. China has been actively involved in the development of space VLBI in recent years. This review briefly summarizes China’s research progress in space VLBI and the future development plan.     

Data processing center of RadioAstron space VLBI project

In this paper, questions on development, implementation, and operation of RadioAstron project Data Processing Center (DPC) are reviewed. The main components of the dedicated DPC are the computer complex with 1 TFlops/s performance, storage with memory capacity of approximately 10 PB, the network infrastructure, and the corresponding communication channels. Performance enhancement methods and resolution of information storage, archiving, and process problems of space VLBI high-speed digital data flows are analyzed. It is shown that successful operation of DPC is mainly provided by optimal organization of computer system structure, storage, and networking transmission. Some of the important key features of RadioAstron project DPC and its comparative differences from the standard VLBI procedures are considered.     

Technology challenges for space interferometry: The option of mid-infrared integrated optics

Nulling interferometry is a technique providing high angular resolution which is the core of the space missions Darwin and TPF. The first objective is to reach a deep degree of starlight cancelation in the range 6–20 μm, in order to observe and to characterize the signal from an earth-like planet. Among the numerous technological challenges involved in these missions, the question of the beam combination and wavefront filtering has an important place. A single-mode integrated optics (IO) beam combiner could support both the functions of filtering and the interferometric combination, simplifying the instrumental design. Such a perspective has been explored in this work within the project Integrated Optics for Darwin (IODA), which aims at developing a first IO combiner in the mid-infrared. The solutions reviewed here to manufacture the combiner here are based on infrared dielectric materials on one side, and on metallic conductive waveguides on the other side. With this work, additional inputs are offered to pursue the investigation on mid-infrared photonics devices.     

周期间歇卷吸条件下弹流油膜的实验研究

应用光干涉方法对周期间歇卷吸条件下的弹流油膜进行了测量，结果显示了三种不同的局部油膜凹陷。第一种油膜凹陷产生于固体表面周期性的运动和停止，纯滚动的凹陷封油量大于纯滑动的封油量。第二种凹陷产生于启动过程的速度振荡瞬时峰值，该类局部凹陷以卷吸速度通过赫兹接触区。纯滑动条件下，界面滑移作用产生第三种凹陷，该凹陷位于入口附近，与表面速度和运动时间有关。实验中观察到的现象可由油膜的挤压效应，卷吸效应和界面滑移效应进行解释。     

半导体激光器干涉测距进展

全面评述了近年来半导体激光器应用于干涉测距的进展,对其中的代表性文献进行了详细的分析,指出了该技术今后的主要发展方向和关键问题。     

深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展历程和展望

结合世界各航天大国和组织所开展的深空探测活动和深空测控系统建设中,对无线电干涉测量技术的开发、应用以及深空导航技术试验验证情况,系统地梳理和总结了深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展历程,并通过该技术未来在国际上几个主要深空探测任务中的应用规划,分析了无线电干涉测量领域未来的发展方向.该领域技术的最新发展对我国深空测控网无线电干涉测量系统的后续建设也具有重要的借鉴意义.     

深空测控网信息接口设计及嫦娥三号任务验证

为了对“嫦娥三号”任务以及后续月球与深空探测任务提供测控支持,我国在喀什和佳木斯分别新建了35m和66 m深空测控站,并组成了深空测控网.考虑到新建深空测控网既需要与我国现行航天测控网进行信息交互,又可以为国际上其他国家和组织的月球和深空探测器提供支持,在信息接口设计时充分参考了CCSDS（Consultative Committee for Space Data System,空间数据系统咨询委员会）、ECSS （European Cooperation for Space Standardization,欧洲空间标准化组织）等国际标准.重点介绍了中国深空测控网的信息接口设计,具体接口包括深空测控设备与深空任务中心间接口、深空运行管理中心相关接口以及干涉测量系统相关接口.该接口设计在“嫦娥三号”任务中得到了充分的验证,各类信息传输正确、及时、有效,为任务过程中的决策提供了支持.     

基于主星带伴随小卫星编队系统的AT-INSAR研究

针对主星带伴随小卫星编队雷达系统的特点和AT INSAR的基本原理,本文对主星带伴随小卫星编队雷达系统执行AT INSAR任务进行了比较全面的分析。本文建立了主星带伴随小卫星编队雷达系统AT INSAR模型。基于这个模型分析了临界基线、测速精度,以及动目标检测等性能。最后,对一个L波段的主星带伴随小卫星编队系统完成AT INSAR任务进行了仿真。结果表明,测速精度对于编队小卫星的基线测量精度要求相对较高,而且检测地面慢速运动目标是可行的。     

基于ATI技术和象素匹配的星载SAR/GMTI实现方法

与机载合成孔径雷达相比,星载合成孔径雷达由于其复杂的空间几何关系、地球自转及地球曲率等因素的影响,使得星载SAR／GMTI的实现更为复杂。提出了当不满足相位偏置中心天线(DPCA)中脉冲重复频率和天线水平基线间的严格约束条件时,通过象素匹配法和星载SAR沿航迹向干涉(ATI)技术实现星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)动目标检测、测速及定位的一种方法。该方法采用沿航迹向线性排列的双孔径天线星载SAR结构,首先建立了星载SAR双孔径天线空间几何模型并详细分析了星载SAR双孔径天线机理及信号特性,然后利用常规方法成像的双天线SAR图像,分析并推导了基于ATI技术和象素匹配实现对地面背景杂波淹没的运动目标检测、径向速度分量估计以及目标定位的方法。最后,通过计算机仿真验证了其有效性。