高空高速无人飞行器热控制系统设计

针对飞行时间短、速度和高度变化快、表面温度波动大的无人飞行器UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)热控制系统设计难题,提出了一种可解决实际工程问题的热分析计算方法.即把热天工况、冷天工况和标准天工况作为设计/试验工况;采用参考温度法、高超音速工程预测法或计算流体动力学CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟法,确定了飞行器表面温度分布,并把其作为后续热分析数学模型的外边界条件;分析结构热容量对瞬态热载荷的影响,建立与之相应的边值问题方程,并采用有限差分法求解;根据高空高速飞行特点及瞬态热载荷值,确定仪器设备舱调温系统方案.     

Principal components in the PG-X-ray QSO sample

We have performed a spectral principal component analysis for a complete sample of 22 low redshift QSOs with spectra from Ly to H, and found three significant principal components, which account for 78% of the spectrum-to-spectrum variance. We present strong arguments that the first principal component represents the Baldwin effect, relating equivalent widths to the luminosity (i.e. accretion rate). The second component represents continuum variations, probably dominated by intrinsic reddening. The third principal component is directly related to broad emission-line width and X-ray spectral index, and therefore probably driven by Eddington accretion ratio, L/L_Edd. The third set of relationships tie directly to the optical Principal Component 1 found by Boroson and Green [Boroson, T., Green, R.F., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 80, 109, 1992 (BG92)], and are the primary cause of scatter in the Baldwin relationships.     

亚、超音速机翼非定常广义气动力系数之间的关系

 <正> 研究弹性飞机的动力学特性应计及非定常广义气动力。为了尽可能保留非定常运动历程,应首先计算由阶跃函数形式下洗产生的非定常气动力函数(指示函数或指数函数),再利用卷积形式的迭加原理处理任意函数形式下洗产生的非定常气动力。用振型法建立飞机弹性运动方程,可将飞机上任一质点的弹性位移近似地表示为     

Study of GNSS-measured ionospheric total electron content variations generated by powerful HF-heating

The purpose of this work is to report the experimental evidences for the influence of perturbations in the electron density in the dayside mid-latitude ionosphere, that are caused by high-frequency heating of the F2 layer, on the GNSS signals. The experiments were carried out at the Sura heater (Radio Physical Research Institute, N. Novgorod). During the sessions of ionospheric heating with different time modulations of the radiated power the rays linking the navigational satellites with the ground receiver intersected the heated region. Variations in the total electron content (TEC) were studied; these variations are proportional to the reduced phases of navigational signals. It is shown that with the square-wave modulation of the radiated power (with periods of 1, 6, 10 and 15 min), perturbations with periods of the main modulation of heating and its harmonics appear in the spectrum of TEC variations. Examples are presented of identification of the heating-induced variations in TEC, including determination of the amplitudes and time characteristics of these variations.     

基于微型涡喷发动机热喷流的无源流体推力矢量喷管的控制规律

流体推力矢量喷管型面固定、活动部件少、结构重量轻，能够为高机动飞行器提供有效的飞行控制手段，但无源流体推力矢量喷管热喷流的偏转控制规律尚未完全掌握。为了推进无源流体推力矢量技术的实用化，本文设计研制了适用于微型涡喷发动机的耐高温喷管模型，对该喷管在微型涡喷发动机热喷流状态下的控制规律进行研究。利用非接触光学显示和测量手段——红外热成像拍摄和粒子图像测速（PIV）技术对主射流流动特性进行研究，获得流动矢量角随二次流控制阀门闭合度变化的控制规律；利用六分量盒式天平测力实验研究无源流体推力矢量喷管的力学特性，获得推力矢量角随二次流控制阀门闭合度变化的控制规律。研究结果表明：该构型喷管在微型涡喷发动机热喷流下主射流连续可控偏转，最大流动矢量角为-12.3°/12.3°，最大推力矢量角为-12.9°/12.8°，控制规律接近线性，不存在主射流偏转突跳问题。     

绳索断裂对二维二次太阳翼展开过程影响分析

为识别二维二次太阳翼关键环节和预示其在轨展开故障模式，开展不同位置绳索断裂失效对太阳翼展开的影响程度分析。采用考虑绳索断裂的绳索联动轮力学模型，建立了适应于不同联动轮半径的联动轮受力模型，提出角度触发约束消除方法，解决了太阳翼第2次展开过程连续仿真问题，建立了太阳翼第2次展开动力学方程，分析了不同位置绳索断裂失效对太阳翼各板展开角度、展开构型和其他绳索张力的影响。分析表明，越靠近星体的绳索联动机构失效对太阳翼展开过程的影响越大，其中连接架上绳索联动机构失效可直接导致二维二次太阳翼在轨展开失败。     

涡桨飞机发展现状及关键气动问题

独特的动力形式赋予了涡桨飞机优越的推进效率和良好的低速机动、起降性能，使得其在军用及民用领域占有重要的地位并得以不断发展，但同时也带来了一系列需要重点关注的设计问题。本文从目前国内外涡桨飞机的发展现状和设计特点出发，提出其面临的主要气动问题。重点针对国内亟待发展的舰载类涡桨飞机起降过程中的失速和操纵问题进行深入研究，剖析了翼面附近流动的分离状态和发展趋势对于失速特性及操纵安全性的影响规律，归纳总结出需要关注的关键约束和设计原则。在此基础上，通过对一组计算实例的分析，给出了机翼空间流场变化特征和宏观气动力之间的内在联系，并深入阐述了三维增升构型与干净构型及其各站位翼剖面的设计关联性。     

大气中子诱发复杂航电系统SEE的试验评价与防护设计

研究了国外单粒子效应对航电系统影响的历史进展，介绍了航电系统单粒子效应试验评价中子辐射源、试验硬件、试验方法、试验程序及评估方法5个方面。国际航空标准根据航电系统的重要程度将其定义为A、B、C、D、E五级。为了确保A、B和C级航电系统的可靠性，提出了涉及顶层项目管理至元器件控制各个层面的防护过程，优化系统设计，以适应大...     

提高机务专业"航空发动机构造"教学效果的思考

结合机务专业"航空发动机构造"课的教学实践,阐述了针对课程特点激发学生学习兴趣、丰富教学手段、优化教学方法、改革作业形式、开展现场教学的重要性及其具体实施办法.首次应用三维虚拟发动机辅助教学、并引入机务维修工作中发动机结构图作为课程作业用图.本研究成果为提高"航空发动机构造"课的教学效果探索出了一套行之有效的方法.     

Effects of Mach numbers on Magnus induced surface pressure

Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the Magnus phenomena over a spinning projectile. The pressure force acting on the surface of a spinning projectile was measured for various cases by employing a relatively novel experimental technique. A set of miniature pressure sensors along with a data acquisition board, battery and storage memory were placed inside a spinning model and the surface pressure were obtained through a remotely controlled system. Circumferential pressures of the model for both rotational and static conditions were obtained at two different free stream Mach numbers of 0.4 and 0.8 and at different angles of attack. The results showed the ability of this new test method to measure the very small Magnus force via surface pressures over the projectile. The results provide a deep insight into the flow structure and illustrate changes in the cross-flow separation locations as a result of rotation. Similar results were obtained by the numerical simulations and were compared with the experimental data.