Effects of adiabaticity and non-adiabaticity of dust charge fluctuation on the propagation of the dust ion acoustic waves in inhomogeneous dusty plasma

A theoretical investigation has been made for adiabatic positive and negative dust charge fluctuations on the propagation of dust-ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) in a weakly inhomogeneous, collisionless, unmagnetized dusty plasmas consisting of cold positive ions, stationary positively and negatively charged dust particles and isothermal electrons. The reductive perturbation method is employed to reduce the basic set of fluid equations to the variable coefficients Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. Either compressive or rarefactive solitons are shown to exist depending on the critical value of the ion density, which in turn, depends on the inhomogeneous distribution of the ion. The dissipative effects of non-adiabatic dust charge variation has been studied which cause generation of dust ion acoustic shock waves governed by KdV-Burger (KdVB) equation. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some dusty plasma environments, such as dusty plasma existing in polar mesosphere region.     

Cassini Plasma Spectrometer Investigation

The Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) will make comprehensive three-dimensional mass-resolved measurements of the full variety of plasma phenomena found in Saturn’s magnetosphere. Our fundamental scientific goals are to understand the nature of saturnian plasmas primarily their sources of ionization, and the means by which they are accelerated, transported, and lost. In so doing the CAPS investigation will contribute to understanding Saturn’s magnetosphere and its complex interactions with Titan, the icy satellites and rings, Saturn’s ionosphere and aurora, and the solar wind. Our design approach meets these goals by emphasizing two complementary types of measurements: high-time resolution velocity distributions of electrons and all major ion species; and lower-time resolution, high-mass resolution spectra of all ion species. The CAPS instrument is made up of three sensors: the Electron Spectrometer (ELS), the Ion Beam Spectrometer (IBS), and the Ion Mass Spectrometer (IMS). The ELS measures the velocity distribution of electrons from 0.6 eV to 28,250 keV, a range that permits coverage of thermal electrons found at Titan and near the ring plane as well as more energetic trapped electrons and auroral particles. The IBS measures ion velocity distributions with very high angular and energy resolution from 1 eV to 49,800 keV. It is specially designed to measure sharply defined ion beams expected in the solar wind at 9.5 AU, highly directional rammed ion fluxes encountered in Titan’s ionosphere, and anticipated field-aligned auroral fluxes. The IMS is designed to measure the composition of hot, diffuse magnetospheric plasmas and low-concentration ion species 1 eV to 50,280 eV with an atomic resolution M/ΔM ∼70 and, for certain molecules, (such asN ₂ ⁺ and CO⁺), effective resolution as high as ∼2500. The three sensors are mounted on a motor-driven actuator that rotates the entire instrument over approximately one-half of the sky every 3 min.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

马尔科夫尼可夫规则机理的讨论

不对称烯烃与不对称试剂进行亲电加成反应时,遵守马尔科夫尼可夫规则,本文从生成碳正离子和环状高价正离子的两种反应途径对其反应机理加以讨论,并指出决定两种途径的主要因素.     

IMF Direction Derived from Cycloid-Like Ion Distributions Observed by Mars Express

Although the Mars Express (MEX) does not carry a magnetometer, it is in principle possible to derive the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation from the three dimensional velocity distribution of pick-up ions measured by the Ion Mass Analyser (IMA) on board MEX because pick-up ions' orbits, in velocity phase space, are expected to gyrate around the IMF when the IMF is relatively uniform on a scale larger than the proton gyroradius. During bow shock outbound crossings, MEX often observed cycloid distributions (two dimensional partial ring distributions in velocity phase space) of protons in a narrow channel of the IMA detector (only one azimuth for many polar angles). We show two such examples. Three different methods are used to derive the IMF orientation from the observed cycloid distributions. One method is intuitive (intuitive method), while the others derive the minimum variance direction of the velocity vectors for the observed ring ions. These velocity vectors are selected either manually (manual method) or automatically using simple filters (automatic method). While the intuitive method and the manual method provide similar IMF orientations by which the observed cycloid distribution is well arranged into a partial circle (representing gyration) and constant parallel velocity, the automatic method failed to arrange the data to the degree of the manual method, yielding about a 30° offset in the estimated IMF direction. The uncertainty of the derived IMF orientation is strongly affected by the instrument resolution. The source population for these ring distributions is most likely newly ionized hydrogen atoms, which are picked up by the solar wind.     

适用于30cm离子推力器的5kW电源处理单元设计

为了满足更大范围的卫星应用需求,我国正在研制30cm离子推力器。30cm离子推力器瞄准全电推进卫星平台、近深空探测器对推进任务的需求,对提高卫星平台先进性和提升国际竞争力具有重要的意义。为了配合30cm离子推力器的研制,同时设计了输出功率达到5kW的电源处理单元。该设计实现了一种输出功率为1kW的模块,通过串联组合可以达到输出5kW功率要求,提出了一种"最佳"的平顶变换及软开关的全桥电路拓扑,达到了95%的转换效率,同时还能容易实现屏栅电源的N+1冗余设计。并且通过高压组件的完全灌封,有效提高产品的可靠性。     

Re/ Ir 高温抗氧化性能

采用电弧离子镀技术在Re 金属表面制备Ir 涂层,研究沉积态Ir 涂层的微观形貌、成分和相结构
以及在不同温度区域的高温抗氧化性能。通过分析表明,利用电弧离子镀方法,可以在Re 金属基体表面制备
出连续、致密和均匀的Ir 涂层。Re/ Ir 试样的抗氧化寿命,1 800℃可达到4 h;2 000℃可达到2 h。在1 950℃
条件下,进行120 次热震试验,试验后Ir 涂层表面光滑致密,表面没有发现任何剥离现象。     

基于非结构网格的离子推力器羽流数值模拟方法研究

为适应复杂的航天器外形,文章采用基于非结构网格的数值模拟方法研究离子推力器真空羽流的基本特征。首先,介绍了非结构网格划分的方法,并分析了建模区域生成各种拓扑关系的特点;然后,提出了粒子穿越网格的具体算法,包括有利于减少计算量的结合矩阵重标号的带宽压缩算法;最后,开展了模拟结果和试验结果的对比研究,验证了以上数值模拟方法的可行性。     

氯离子和温度对铝合金在冷却液中腐蚀的影响

分别采用了动电位极化法、电化学阻抗法研究了不同温度下、不同氯离子浓度下防锈铝在模拟冷却液中的腐蚀行为,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对极化后防锈铝的表面特征进行了观察和记录。结果表明,氯离子吸附在防锈铝氧化膜表面,对氧化膜表面造成破坏。在一定温度下（30℃）,当氯离子浓度超过0.01mol/L时,中间产物吸附作用就会增强,阻抗谱中低频区出现感抗弧,点蚀萌生。随着氯离子浓度增高（超过0.01mol/L）,防锈铝的腐蚀加剧,耐腐蚀性能下降。随着温度的升高,阴极和阳极反应阻力变小,阳极金属铝的溶解和阴极氧还原速度增大,腐蚀速度增大。温度升高的同时,溶解氧含量下降,阴极反应受到抑制。与此同时扩散过程在整个腐蚀反应过程中的支配性降低,中间产物在氧化膜表面的吸附作用增强,从而导致低频容抗弧的出现。温度对点蚀形貌的影响主要体现在影响单个点蚀坑的几何大小,促进点蚀坑的生长。      

Fe2+对碳钢硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀行为的影响

对比分析了Q235钢在无Fe2+的接菌培养基和Fe2浓度为30mg/L的接菌培养基中的腐蚀行为.使用光学显微镜跟踪观察Q235钢在两种介质中的表面形貌随时间的变化,用电化学阻抗谱研究Q235钢在两种培养基中的电化学行为.用聚焦离子束显微镜制作Q235钢在两种培养基中的腐蚀产物剖面,并用能谱对腐蚀产物进行成分分析.对电化学阻抗谱所得结果进行拟合,结果表明,Fe2会使Q235钢表面形成的生物膜电阻降低,电容升高,Q235钢反应电阻保持较低,从而使反应持续进行,铁不断溶解.培养基中加入30mg/L的Fe2+后,Q235钢表面附着的细菌显著增多,形成的生物膜厚而疏松,膜中混合有腐蚀产物硫化物,膜下的金属出现众多微小的点蚀.电化学阻抗谱拟合结果与形貌观察及成分分析结果吻合,Fe2+对Q235钢的SRB腐蚀反应具有催化作用.     

Dust Acoustic Wave in Dusty Plasmas With Streaming Ions Under Ultraviolet Irradiation

The reductive perturbation method is applied to investigate the dust acoustic soliton in dusty plasmas with streaming ions under ultraviolet irradiation theoretically and numerically. The self-consistent dust charge variation is taken into account. It is shown that the ultraviolet irradiation can significantly lower the magnitude of the dust negative charge, and ion streaming velocity firstly raise the magnitude of the dust negative charge and then lower it. With the growth of (Ultraviolet) UV photo flux or ion streaming velocity, the phase velocity and width of the solitary waves decrease, whereas its amplitude increases.