γ-H2AX as a biomarker of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and artificial skin

Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure is inevitable in our modern society and can lead to a variety of deleterious effects including cancer and birth defects. A reliable, reproducible and sensitive assessment of exposure to IR and the individual response to that exposure would provide much needed information for the optimal treatment of each donor examined. We have developed a diagnostic test for IR exposure based on detection of the phosphorylated form of variant histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), which occurs specifically at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The cell responds to a nascent DSB through the phosphorylation of thousands of H2AX molecules flanking the damaged site. This highly amplified response can be visualized as a γ-H2AX focus in the chromatin that can be detected in situ with the appropriate antibody. Here we assess the usability of γ-H2AX focus formation as a possible biodosimeter for human exposure to IR using peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated ex vivo and three-dimensional artificial models of human skin biopsies. In both systems, the tissues were exposed to 0.2–5 Gy, doses of IR that might be realistically encountered in various scenarios such as cancer radiotherapies or accidental exposure to radiation. Since the γ-H2AX response is maximal 30 min after exposure and declines over a period of hours as the cells repair the damage, we examined the time limitations of the useful detectability of γ-H2AX foci. We report that a linear response proportional to the initial radiation dose was obtained 48 and 24 h after exposure in blood samples and skin cells respectively. Thus, detection of γ-H2AX formation to monitor DNA damage in minimally invasive blood and skin tests could be useful tools to determine radiation dose exposure and analyze its effects on humans.     

碳纤维复合材料表面形貌测量中频谱法的应用

针对现实中用户依据自身经验选择采样条件的不确定性,提出了一种能够客观判定最佳采样条件的方法.基于二维功率频谱分析,考虑奈奎斯特采样定理与混叠效应,提出一个归一近似因子来确定合适采样条件.经实验验证其适用于碳纤维复合材料表面形貌测量,研究证明用较大采样间距多次测量加工后工件的表面形貌,取粗糙度值的平均值或最大值来评定其表面质量更合理.     

Comparisons of foF2 with IRI model and equatorial vertical drifts

Measurements of the critical frequency, foF2 recorded over Ibadan: 7.4°N, 3.9°E (geographic), 6°S (dip angle) have been compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model for solar maximum geomagnetically quiet conditions, with a view to determining what modifications might bring about better predictions for the model. Our results reveal that the present version of IRI essentially reproduces diurnal trends and the general features of the experimental observations for all seasons, except for nighttime June solstice periods, which the model seriously overestimated. The model errors ranging from 50% to 125% over the four seasons considered in this study. It is also indicated that the percentage relative deviations between the observed and the modeled values vary approximately from −11% to 12% (March), −34% to 11% (June), −16% to 12% (September), and −10% to 13% (December). An unexpected feature of foF2 is obvious and remarkable reduction in values during nighttime June solstice periods compared to that in other seasons. Relationship between equatorial vertical drift and foF2 is also investigated. However, cross correlation analysis reveals strong anti-correlation between vertical drift and critical frequency during the daytime hours, but exceptionally opposite is the case for the nighttime sector. The discrepancies which are noted, particularly during June solstice season are attributed to processes most likely within the thermosphere and from meteorological influences during quiet magnetic conditions.     

压力对有序Li1/2TiS2光学性质的影响

采用第一性原理的平面波赝势方法和局域密度近似（LDA），计算了压力对Li1/2TiS2的形成能和光学性质的影响。研究发现，Li1/2TiS2体系在压强为3GPa时形成能最小，体系最稳定，之后体系的形成能随压力的增大而单调增大；随着压力的增大，导带向高能移动而价带向低能方向移动，体系费米能级上的态密度增大，各个态密度峰值降低且数目增多；光学参量峰值的位置与介电函数虚部的峰值位置很接近，随着压力增大，均向高能方向移动（蓝移），且峰值升高。     

Equatorial total electron content (TEC) at low and high solar activity

Total electron content (TEC) derived from ionosonde data recorded at the station of Korhogo (Lat = 9.33°N, Long = 5.43°W, Dip = 0.67°S) are compared to the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predicted TEC for high (1999) and low (1994) solar activity conditions. The results show that the model represents the diurnal variation of the TEC as well as a solar activity and seasonal dependence. This variation is closer to that of the ionosonde-inferred TEC at high solar activity. However, at low solar activity the IRI overestimates the ionosonde-inferred TEC. The relative deviation ΔTEC is more prominent in the equinoctial seasons during nighttime hours where it is as high as 70%. At daytime hours, the relative deviation is estimated to 0–30%.     

Progress towards a new global foF2 model for the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)

A new neural network (NN) based global empirical model for the foF2 parameter, which represents the peak electron density has been developed using extended temporal and spatial geophysical relevant inputs. The first results from this new model were presented at the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2006 workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and showed that this new model would be a suitable replacement for the URSI and CCIR maps currently used within the IRI model for the purpose of F2 peak electron density predictions. Measured ground based ionosonde data, from 85 global stations, spanning the period 1995–2005 and, for a few stations from 1976 to 1986, obtained from various resources of the World Data Centre (WDC) archives (Space Physics Interactive Data Resource SPIDR, the Digital Ionogram Database, DIDBase, and IPS Radio and Space Services) have been used for training a NN.     

A low dose pre-irradiation induces radio- and heat-resistance via HDM2 and NO radicals,and is associated with p53 functioning

The aim of this work was to clarify the effect of low dose pre-irradiation on radio- and heat-sensitivity. Wild-type (wt) p53 and mutated (m) p53 cells derived from the human lung cancer H1299 cell line were used. The parental H1299 cell line is p53-null. Cellular sensitivities were determined with a colony-forming assay. When wtp53 cells were exposed to a low dose X-irradiation, induction of radio- and heat-resistance was observed only in the absence of RITA (an inhibitor of p53-HDM2 interactions), aminoguanidine (an iNOS inhibitor) and c-PTIO (an NO radical scavenger). In contrast, the induced radio- and heat-resistance was not observed under similar conditions in mp53 cells. Moreover, heat-resistance as well as radio-resistance developed when wtp53 cells were treated with ISDN (an NO generating agent) alone. These findings suggest that NO radicals are an initiator of radio- and heat-resistance, and function through the activation of HDM2 and the depression of p53 accumulation.     

O相合金Ti2AlNb的超塑性研究进展

以O相为基础的Ti2AlNb合金具有高的比强度、比刚度以及良好的高温蠕变性能和抗氧化性能,己经成为最具潜力的航空航天高温结构材料.在其实用化进程中,超塑成形是该材料成形加工形成制件的理想工艺.本文综述了Ti2AlNb基合金材料超塑性研究的最新进展,对其超塑变形中的组织特征和变形机制进行了详细讨论.最后,展望了Ti2AlNb基合金超塑性加工未来的发展趋势.     

高超音速技术发展概述

简述了美国高超音速飞行器计划的研制背景,介绍了乘波者飞行器的构型特点与热应力松弛设计考虑,初步探讨了高超音速验证飞行器的典型代表X-51A和HTV-2验证飞行失败的原因与遇到的技术困难。     

Variability of foF2 in the African equatorial ionosphere

This paper presents the impact of diurnal, seasonal and solar activity effects on the variability of ionospheric foF2 in the African equatorial latitude. Three African ionospheric stations; Dakar (14.8°N, 17.4°W, dip: 11.4°N), Ouagadougou (12.4°N, 1.5°W, dip: 2.8°N) and Djibouti (11.5°N, 42.8°E, dip: 7.2°N) were considered for the investigation. The overall aim is to provide African inputs that will be of assistance at improving existing forecasting models. The diurnal analysis revealed that the ionospheric critical frequency (foF2) is more susceptible to variability during the night-time than the day-time, with two peaks in the range; 18–38% during post-sunset hours and 35–55% during post-midnight hours. The seasonal and solar activity analyses showed a post-sunset September Equinox maximum and June Solstice maximum of foF2 variability in all the stations for all seasons. At all the stations, foF2 variability was high for low solar activity year. Overall, we concluded that equatorial foF2 variability increases with decreasing solar activity during night-time.