Radiometric estimation of water vapor content over Brazil

A multi-channel microwave radiometre (make: Radiometrics Corporation) is installed at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais–INPE, Brazil (22°S). The radiometric output of two channels of the radiometer in the form of brightness temperature at 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz, initially, were used to find out the ambient water vapor content and the non-precipitable cloud liquid water content. The necessary algorithm was developed for the purpose. The best results were obtained using the hinge frequency 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz pair having an r.m.s. error of only 2.64. The same methodology was then adopted exploiting 23.034 GHz and 30 GHz pair. In that case the r.m.s. error was 3.42. These results were then compared with those obtained over Kolkata (22°N), India, by using 22.234 GHz and 31.4 GHz radiometric data. This work conclusively suggests the use of a frequency should not be at the water vapor resonance line. Instead, while measuring the vapor content for separation of vapor and cloud liquid, one of them should be a few GHz left or right from the resonance line i.e., at 23.834 GHz and the other one should be around 30 GHz.     

Studies on urine treatment by biological purification using Azolla and UV photocatalytic oxidation

The amount of water consumed in space station operations is very large. In order to reduce the amount of water which must be resupplied from Earth, the space station needs to resolve the problems of water supply. For this reason, the recovery, regeneration and utilization of urine of astronauts are of key importance. Many investigations on this subject have been reported. Our research is based on biological absorption and, purification using UV photocatalytic oxidation techniques to achieve comprehensive treatment for urine. In the treatment apparatus we created, the urine solution is used as part of the nutrient solution for the biological components in our bioregenerative life support system. After being absorbed, the nutrients from the urine were then decomposed, metabolized and purified which creates a favorable condition for the follow-up oxidation treatment by UV photocatalytic oxidation. After these two processes, the treated urine solution reached Chinese national standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-1985).     

DLC 和CrN 薄膜在油润滑下的摩擦性能

采用闭合场非平衡直流磁控溅射技术和阴极电弧离子镀技术在轴承钢表面分别制备了DLC 和

CrN 薄膜,在全配方发动机油(CF-4,15W/40)润滑条件下,选择DLC/ 钢、CrN/ 钢摩擦配副,用SRV-IV 摩擦实

验机考察了25℃和100℃时DLC 与CrN 薄膜在不同载荷下的摩擦因数和磨损率,并对摩擦界面进行分析。结

果表明:DLC 和CrN 薄膜在油润滑条件下的摩擦因数都随着载荷的增加而降低;DLC 和CF-4 构成的固液复合

润滑体系具有更加优异的摩擦学性能;活性较高的CrN 薄膜与发动机油中的添加剂相互作用,在摩擦界面上

发生摩擦化学反应形成摩擦化学反应膜,并且薄膜表面形成的氧化层有利于提高薄膜在高温时的耐磨性。

     

基于流固耦合航行体入水冲击数值模拟研究

针对航行体入水冲击过程中的流固耦合问题,利用任意拉格朗日 欧拉算法建立三维入水冲击数值仿真模型。首先,建立球体入水冲击数值模型,获取了入水过程中的冲击载荷和表面压力数据,通过与试验对比,探究网格密度、接触刚度耦合系数以及时间步长对仿真准确性的影响。结果发现,冲击区域网格密度和接触刚度耦合系数决定流固耦合接触刚度;冲击域的网状密度对冲击系数结果和入水速度变化有明显影响;耦合节点之间的接触刚度系数会影响局部压力峰值。最后,建立锥形头部圆柱体入水仿真模型,提出分段刚体计算截面载荷方法,研究不同速度下结构入水冲击加速度、速度、位移和截面载荷变化规律,与试验结果对比证明仿真准确性。     

M40J/改性氰酸酯复合材料耐水性能研究

讨论了氰酸酯树脂、环氧改性氰酸酯树脂、环氧树脂及其M40J碳纤维复合材料耐水性能。考察了几种体系的吸水率、吸水前后力学性能变化,并通过SEM分析其微观状态变化。结果表明,氰酸酯及其改性体系具有低的吸水率,力学性能无明显变化,复合材料吸水率低于浇铸体,拉伸模量、剪切强度有一定程度下降,分析认为主要是由复合材料界面破坏引起的。     

601EF脂润滑谐波减速器热真空传动性能试验研究

文章在热真空条件下对采用601EF脂润滑的谐波减速器的传动性能进行了试验研究,通过分析得出谐波减速器的传动性能与其应用环境温度、输出扭矩和转速具有直接相关性。低温情况下由于接近润滑脂的倾点以及润滑脂粘度快速增加,导致谐波减速器的传动性能下降较快。     

高温合金微量润滑振动钻削温度与刀具磨损

为了解决高温合金钻削温度高、刀具磨损快的问题,采用微量润滑的振动钻削加工方法,从换热机制角度对振动钻削的降温机理进行分析,并进行振动钻削和普通钻削对比实验.结果表明:微量润滑普通钻削的最高测量温度达到了110℃且温度随钻削深度、钻孔个数的增加而升高,而振动钻削的测量温度为55℃左右且随削深度、钻孔个数的增加增长缓慢;普通钻削刀具磨损量达到0.5 mm且随钻孔个数的增加磨损加剧,振动钻削刀具磨损量只有0.22 mm且磨损量增加缓慢.     

节流通风的航空发动机轴承腔腔压计算方法

为解决节流通风的航空发动机轴承腔的腔压难以计算的问题,考虑节流孔处通风介质可压缩性,结合某典型节流通风轴承腔的实例,分析了节流通风的发动机轴承腔通风气体流动的特点,提出了其腔压计算方法.通过实例计算,结果表明:计算值与试验值的绝对误差较小,结果满足滑油系统与空气系统联合计算的工程需要.该计算方法可为节流通风的航空发动机轴承腔腔压计算提供参考.      

Novel design and simulation of curved blade oil scoop with high oil capture efficiency

As the load and working environment temperature increasing, high efficiency oil lubrication was urgently needed for the main bearing of aeroengine. However, the low oil capture efficiency of radial oil scoop affects the application of under-race lubrication structure with radial oil collection. In this work, a novel design of curved blade oil scoop for under-race lubrication is proposed to improve the oil capture efficiency. First of all, the principle of relative velocity optimization is proposed by analyzing the collision process between blade and oil jet for theoretical research. Then, the theoretical curve equations of blade inlet under three different oil jet incidence conditions are solved. After that, the monotonicity of the theoretical curves is analyzed. The effects of rotation speed, oil jet velocity, eccentric distance of oil jet, and include angle of curve are analyzed. The location of the collision points of proposed theoretical curves are also been optimized. Finally, a transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of the novel oil scoop design was carried out. The simulation results show that the capture efficiency of curved blade oil scoop can be improved by 30% comparing to the traditional design.     

摩擦学系统的系统工程及其航天应用

空间摩擦学问题已成为影响航天器精度、寿命和可靠性增长需求的关键因素之一。本文从摩擦学的三个公理出发并基于此理论,分析航天器所处环境工况下的润滑问题、微动-摩擦学行为耦合作用现象以及摩擦-电学行为耦合问题,并分析与其相对应的摩擦学系统设计需求。根据需求建立面向航天器的摩擦学系统设计思路,通过摩擦学系统设计知识库的建立和管理,运用摩擦学的三个公理,在求解过程中引入专家判定系统,实现考虑摩擦学行为的系统依赖性、时变依赖性与多学科、跨学科性的摩擦学系统设计。