翼身融合运输机分布式电推进系统设计及油耗评估

针对翼身融合运输机开展了分布式电推进系统的总体设计与油耗评估。通过数值计算完成了70t载质量翼身融合飞机的气动设计与优化。在巡航马赫数为0.80和10km高度的设计点,最大升阻比达到了24。通过求解积分边界层方程组,完成了电推进系统的总体设计。电推进系统包含10个推进风扇,风扇直径为1.45m,压比为1.35,巡航功率为2.94MW。建立了考虑燃烧过程的发动机一维性能模型,对发动机油耗进行了评估,获得了不同发动机循环参数下燃油消耗。建模结果表明,基于翼身融合布局和分布式电推进技术,可使运输机的油耗较C-17节省近50%。      

制泥废水及烧结废水的处理与回用

通过对处理制泥废水及烧结废水工艺、设备、措施及综合利用进行了详细的描述,对拟用新措施将污水二次处理预期达到饮用及绿化水标准提出了建设性的设想,采用现代计算机FLASH软件将生产工艺制作成动画演示,强化了工厂管理体系.     

透光脉动值在絮凝实验研究中的应用

通过理论分析和实验研究，以流动原水为研究对象，首次考察了PAM、PAC、PAF和PFS几种絮凝剂在絮凝过程中的透光脉动值变化。结果表明，不同种类絮凝剂投加条件下所形成的絮凝体具有不同的特性，能及时得到絮凝体破碎和重组的有关信息。     

1.5级涡轮前后轮缘密封封严流动特性研究

为了研究前后腔轮缘密封封严特性和封严出流与主流的交互作用,对转静叶片之间带有前后封严腔的1.5级涡轮进行了三维定常数值模拟,研究了不同封严流量下前后封严腔出口处流场分布并采用附加变量法对比分析了前后腔轮缘密封效率。结果表明：前封严腔主流燃气入侵位置主要受到来自上游导叶尾迹的影响,后封严腔主流燃气入侵位置主要受到下游导叶前缘位势场影响;封严出流影响了20%叶高以下的主流区域,增大了轮毂二次流强度;采用相同封严流量下时前封严腔的封严效率较后腔更低且有着更大的封严效率波动。     

S弯进气道内附面层抽吸控制对风扇级性能的影响

为了探讨某S弯进气道出口畸变在其后风扇级内的演变过程以及对风扇级性能的影响,在单独对该进气道进行抽吸控制数值研究并优选出最佳方案后,将最佳方案应用到进气道加风扇级的全流道,进而展开全流道数值研究,着重探讨了抽吸控制前后风扇级性能及内部流场结构变化.结果表明:吸气后风扇级整体性能有较大幅度提升,堵塞流量及最大效率分别增加约0.63%和0.57%;进气道出口低能流体在接触转子之前始终聚集在沿程截面底部,所占区域面积沿流向逐渐减小;接触转子至动叶前缘区间内,畸变流体沿动叶旋转方向的相反方向发生偏移,最终覆盖约3个流道;静叶中畸变流体所处流道内的静叶吸力面发生严重的流动分离,且分离主要发生在50%叶高以下,吸气后略有减弱.      

涡轮叶片先进气膜冷却与相关激光打孔技术进展

航空发动机涡轮叶片依赖于高温基体、热障陶瓷涂层和气膜冷却技术实现高的工作温度,进而实现高的燃油效率和推重比.介绍了气膜冷却技术的演化趋势,并通过猫耳异型孔与直圆孔的仿真对比,指出复杂异型气膜孔的重要性.进一步论述了单步加工异型孔的必要性和工艺方案,指出为解决单晶叶片异型孔加工难题,超短脉冲激光加工虽然成为研究热点,但水助激光加工更应该引起重视.     

挤压式液体火箭发动机水击特性研究

以某四氧化二氮/偏二甲肼挤压式液体火箭发动机为研究对象,建立了包括液路动力学模型、充填动力学模型和气路动力学模型的发动机系统启动过程动态数学模型。仿真计算了发动机系统启动过程中不同节流孔位置和大小时的水击峰压。分析表明,在靠近阀门处设置节流孔可明显减小水击峰压,对氧化剂管路的作用较燃料管路更明显;较小的节流孔利于降低水击峰压,但尺寸须合适,否则会因推进剂流量下降而在节流孔处形成发射。     

压缩空气瓶内凝结水水位检测方法的探讨

由于压缩空气瓶在使用过程中会出现瓶内残留凝结水的现象,从而影响压缩空气瓶的容积,并产生化学腐蚀,影响气瓶的整体强度和耐压性能及其的寿命。为此,应掌握气瓶内凝结水水位情况,并且提高检测水位准确度。提出了一种利用气体状态方程来计算压缩空气瓶的冷凝水水位新见解,对压缩空气瓶的安全使用具有重要意义。     

Ionosphere modelling for Galileo single frequency users: Illustration of the combination of the NeQuick model and GNSS data ingestion

The ionospheric effect remains one of the main factors limiting the accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) including Galileo. For single frequency users, this contribution to the error budget will be mitigated by an algorithm based on the NeQuick global ionospheric model. This quick-run empirical model provides flexible solutions for combining ionospheric information obtained from various sources, from GNSS to ionosondes and topside sounders. Hence it constitutes an interesting simulation tool not only serving Galileo needs for mitigation of the ionospheric effect but also widening the use of new data.     

Kinetics of gas-Grain Reactions in the Solar Nebula

Thermochemical equilibrium calculations predict gas phase, gas-grain, and solid phase reactions as a function of pressure and temperature in the solar nebula. However, chemical reactions proceed at different rates, which generally decrease exponentially with decreasing temperature. At sufficiently low temperatures (which vary depending on the specific reaction) there may not have been enough time for the predicted equilibrium chemistry to have taken place before the local environment cooled significantly or before the gaseous solar nebula was dispersed. As a consequence, some of the high temperature chemistry established in sufficiently hot regions of the solar nebula may be quenched or frozen in without the production of predicted low temperature phases. Experimental studies and theoretical models of three exemplary low temperature reactions, the formation of troilite (FeS), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and hydrous silicates, have been done to quantify these ideas. A comparison of the chemical reaction rates with the estimated nebular lifetime of 0.1-10 million years indicates that troilite formation proceeded to completion in the solar nebula. Magnetite formation was much slower and only thin magnetite rims could have formed on metal grains. Hydrous silicate formation is predicted to be even slower, and hydrous silicates in meteorites and interplanetary dust particles probably formed later on the parent bodies of these objects, instead of in the solar nebula. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.