双层壳型涡轮叶片中冲击旋流换热增益效果试验

以双层壳型涡轮叶片内冷通道中旋流换热特性为研究对象,采用热膜法,对双层壳型冷却结构中的狭小受限通道中,旋流作用下换热特性的变化规律开展了细致的试验研究。重点分析了冷却空气的旋流作用对换热的强化增益效果。试验中通过改变冲击Re数(10 000～20 000),冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比H/D(0.35～1.7)等参数,研究了其对旋流的形成及内表面局部换热系数的影响规律。研究发现:由于双层壳型叶片内冷通道的空间受限,冷却空气在通道内形成了旋流结构,该旋流结构显著影响了内表面的局部换热系数并可以有效提高换热效果。研究结果表明:内表面局部换热系数对冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比H/D最为敏感,对于不同冲击Re数,存在一个最佳的H/D使得旋流换热增益效果达到最大(Re=10 000时,最佳H/D为0.95;Re=15 000,20 000,最佳H/D=0.63)。     

小冲击间距下带倾角冲击凹柱面流场结构实验研究

针对带倾角冲击凹柱面靶板的流动特性和流场结构研究,采用烟线法开展了流场显现实验研究,重点分析了旋流产生和发展的规律。试验中通过改变冲击雷诺数、冲击间距比(冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比)、冲击角度以及凹柱面相对曲率等参数,分析了涡出现的位置、结构等随这些参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:由于冲击射流同周围静止空气之间的粘性作用、气体在凹柱面上运动、脱离的共同作用下,带倾角冲击凹柱面靶板产生了不同的旋流结构。实验中,随冲击雷诺数的增加,在冲击滞止区域两侧流体冲击靶板分离处的圆心角增大,分离推迟;由于冲击角度的影响,相对冲击角度较小侧射流与壁面分离比在较大侧提前,且在相对冲击角度较小侧更容易产生旋流结构。实验中改变的参数均影响了旋流结构及其发展特性,并且影响规律表现出较强的关联性。     

涡升力乘波体发展研究综述

乘波飞行器在高超声速具有良好的气动性能,但偏离设计状态,气动性能则难以保持。为在宽速域范围能一直维持较好的气动性能,研究人员利用定平面形状乘波设计的优势,提出“涡升力”乘波设计。本文将涡升力乘波体的设计方法归纳为基于吻切理论的定前缘型线法、基于激波装配法的波导体法和基于给定激波面的投影法三大类,综述了涡升力乘波体在宽速域气动特性的相关研究进展,并对涡升力乘波体的后续研究提出建议。     

驻涡燃烧室驻涡区涡系特点数值模拟

为深入了解驻涡燃烧室凹腔内流场的涡系分布特性,采用FLUENT对不同驻涡区前进口堵塞比和不同燃烧室入口速度的驻涡区流场进行计算,分析典型截面压力场和流线图,研究驻涡区涡系特点.结果表明:不同纵截面旋涡特点不同,主流被联焰板堵塞的凹腔纵截面只有主涡,为稳定点火和火焰稳定提供条件;不同横截面的旋涡差别较大,离驻涡区前壁越远的截面涡心距越大,贴近前壁和后壁的截面均无旋涡;燃烧室入口速度对轴向中间截面的旋涡结构无影响,而前进口堵塞比对旋涡结构影响较大.     

非稳态单喷口射流控制扩压器内边界层的分离流动

对扩压器内单喷口射流产生的流向涡控制扩压器内部边界层分离流动行为进行了研究。研究的对象是一个扩张角为10°的二维扩压器,扩压器进出口面积比为1∶4.7,入口高度为15 mm。采用数值计算方法研究了当射流出口速度为非稳态时对分离流动的影响。给出了不同时刻,不同截面上的旋涡涡量分布。结果表明,采用非稳态喷射流向涡方法可以在不改变主流流量特性的情况下,有效地减小分离流动区域。     

对转桨扇三维流场特性数值研究

对转桨扇（Contra-rotating propfan,CRP）是下一代民用航空推进备选方案开式转子发动机最重要的气动部件,其气动性能对整机性能影响显著。本文对不同进距比下的对转桨扇三维流场进行数值模拟,结合压气机及螺旋桨相关理论分析了对转桨扇内部流场及其滑流区涡结构和滑流特征。结果表明,对转桨扇后排流动特征及性能参数变化幅度均超过前排。对转桨扇实际进口气流角受到轮毂附面层、诱导速度、抽吸效应的共同影响,可根据不同叶高位置轴向速度的分布规律判断三种影响分别起主导作用的位置。在对转桨扇滑流区中,桨尖涡是导致损失的主要原因,径向涡量衰减比周向和轴向涡量衰减更快。对转桨扇滑流在径向上影响至3.5倍叶高位置。气流出后排桨扇后会持续加速直至静压达到环境压力,加速区域长度约为5倍桨扇半径。     

带有中心钝体的固体燃料冲压发动机工作性能分析

为提高固体燃料冲压发动机的燃烧特性和工作性能,提出了带有中心钝体的固体燃料冲压发动机方案,基于雷诺转捩和涡概念耗散方程建立了其湍流燃烧模型,并数值计算分析了其内流场、燃面退移速率、推力与总压损失。结果表明：带有中心钝体的冲压发动机内部流动过程较为复杂,钝体后部有四个漩涡,增强了发动机内来流空气与燃气的掺混;钝体孔隙中的高速气流与两侧的小尺度漩涡保证了钝体尾涡的稳定性;与普通固体燃料冲压发动机相比,在燃烧室中增加中心钝体能增大燃烧室内高温区面积,提高补燃室内温度,可使推进剂平均燃面退移速率提高26.11%,发动机推力提高22.12%,燃烧效率提高8.9%。     

Parametric study of turbine NGV blade lean and vortex design

The effects of blade lean and vortex design on the aerodynamics of a turbine entry nozzle guide vane (NGV) are considered using computational fluid dynamics. The aim of the work is to address some of the uncertainties which have arisen from previous studies where conflicting results have been reported for the effect on the NGV. The configuration was initially based on the energy efficient engine turbine which also served as the validation case for the computational method. A total of 17 NGV configurations were evaluated to study the effects of lean and vortex design on row efficiency and secondary kinetic energy. The distribution of mass flow ratio is introduced as an additional factor in the assessment of blade lean effects. The results show that in the turbine entry NGV, the secondary flow strength is not a dominant factor that determines NGV losses and therefore the changes of loading distribution due to blade lean and the associated loss mecha-nisms should be regarded as a key factor. Radial mass flow redistribution under different NGV lean and twist is demonstrated as an addition key factor influencing row efficiency.     

Effects of wing locations on wing rock induced by forebody vortices

Previous studies have shown that asymmetric vortex wakes over slender bodies exhibit a multi-vortex structure with an alternate arrangement along a body axis at high angle of attack. In this investigation, the effects of wing locations along a body axis on wing rock induced by forebody vortices was studied experimentally at a subcritical Reynolds number based on a body diameter. An artificial perturbation was added onto the nose tip to fix the orientations of forebody vortices. Par-ticle image velocimetry was used to identify flow patterns of forebody vortices in static situations, and time histories of wing rock were obtained using a free-to-roll rig. The results show that the wing locations can affect significantly the motion patterns of wing rock owing to the variation of multi-vortex patterns of forebody vortices. As the wing locations make the forebody vortices a two-vortex pattern, the wing body exhibits regularly divergence and fixed-point motion with azimuthal varia-tions of the tip perturbation. If a three-vortex pattern exists over the wing, however, the wing-rock patterns depend on the impact of the highest vortex and newborn vortex. As the three vortices together influence the wing flow, wing-rock patterns exhibit regularly fixed-points and limit-cycled oscillations. With the wing moving backwards, the newborn vortex becomes stronger, and wing-rock patterns become fixed-points, chaotic oscillations, and limit-cycled oscillations. With fur-ther backward movement of wings, the vortices are far away from the upper surface of wings, and the motions exhibit divergence, limit-cycled oscillations and fixed-points. For the rearmost location of the wing, the wing body exhibits stochastic oscillations and fixed-points.     

基于模糊神经网络的涡结构识别方法研究

研究气动光学传输效应产生的机理是红外成像末制导的共性基础技术之一,基于涡结构对光学传输效应进行建模是一种非常有效的方法,而涡结构的识别是其必要前提。文中提出一种新的涡结构识别方法,把折射率场经小波变换后的系数矩阵等效为具有一定纹理结构的图像,计算图像的共生矩阵及其统计量,由于涡结构模式复杂,特征量较多,设计了等价结构的模糊神经网络进行涡结构识别。与小波分解后直接提取特征量的识别方法相比,本文的方法从空、频角度更加准确全面地表征湍流涡结构模式,计算机仿真结果表明该方法优于神经网络的识别效率。