Oxygen concentration variation in ullage influenced by dissolved oxygen evolution

To determine the oxygen concentration variation in ullage that results from dissolved oxygen evolution in an inert aircraft fuel tank, the CFD method with a mass transfer source is applied in the present study. An experimental system is also designed to evaluate the accuracy of the CFD simulations. The dissolved oxygen evolution is simulated under different conditions of fuel load and initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert fuel tank with stimulations of heating and pressure decrease. The increase in the oxygen concentration in ullage ranges from 0.82% to 5.92% upon stimulation of heating and from 0.735% to 12.36% upon stimulation of a pressure decrease for an inert ullage in the simulations. The heating accelerates the release of the dissolved oxygen from the fuel by increasing the mass transfer rate in the mass transfer source and decreasing the pressure, thereby accelerating the dissolved oxygen evolution by increasing the concentration difference between the gas and the fuel. The time constant that represents the oxygen evolution rate is independent of the initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert tank but depends closely on the fuel load, temperature and pressure. The time constant can be fitted using a polynomial equation relating the fuel load to temperature in the heating stimulation with an accuracy of 4.77%. Upon stimulation of a pressure decrease, the time constant can be expressed in terms of the fuel load and the pressure, with an accuracy of 5.02%.     

Ag包覆弹性体微球的制备及其电性能

采用置换反应法和化学沉积法制备了微米级镀Ag丙烯酸酯橡胶（ACM）微球，研究了镀Ag导电弹性体微球的电性能。结果表明：置换反应法通过对微球基体先化学镀铜再置换镀Ag，能够得到镀层均匀致密、包覆完善的镀Ag弹性体微球；所制备镀Ag微球的体积电阻率随外加压力及温度的升高，均呈现规律性降低，并且不受热循环的影响，表明所制备的镀Ag导电弹性体微球具有一定的弹性、热膨胀性以及良好的热稳定性。     

基于工程应变的轴对称塑性大变形几何方程及其应用

从工程线应变和工程切应变的物理概念出发，根据“轴对称”和“大变形”的特点，推导出相应的几何方程，另导出大变形条件下的体积不变定律。与现有“有限变形”条件下的几何方程相比，不但更为精确，而且其表达形式在具体应用中更为简单。在一些典型的工艺问题中，将小变形条件下导出的几何方程应用于大变形情况也可能得出非常好的结果，不但运算简单方便，而且其精度还优于“有限变形”条件下的几何方程。     

高速平板着水数值模拟

探索和揭示物体入水冲击的流体力学现象与机理对飞行器水上迫降问题的研究有重要的参考价值。对高速平板着水涉及到的复杂物理问题展开数值模拟,采用有限体积法求解非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(URANS)方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,流体体积(VOF)模型捕捉水气交界面,整体动网格技术处理平板与水面的相对运动。在二维楔形体入水冲击的算例验证基础上,详细研究平板高速着水引起流体喷溅、射流、空气垫等现象和平板底面压力变化历程,结果表明:空气垫现象明显,俯仰角4°平板下表面出现规律的空气泡,10°时则不存在;平板下表面的水体沿壁面运动,当俯仰角为10°时,壁面水体的运动速度显著增加;在大俯仰角的情况下明显出现负压区。     

基于TLBM-FVM耦合的飞行器舱内热环境跨尺度预测方法

舱内热环境的有效预测是优化飞行器热控与防热设计、减小系统冗余并保障飞行器热安全的重要基础。在国家数值风洞（NNW）工程支持下,针对目前舱内热环境多尺度、多机制复合传热特点及其数值预测面临的精度与效率提升难题,发展了多区域协同推进的时空耦合模型及流/固界面的自适应分辨率识别算法,建立了基于热格子Boltzmann方法（TLBM）与有限体积法（FVM）相互耦合的舱内复合传热跨尺度预测方法,开展了典型飞行器仪器舱的综合热分析,验证了耦合方法的计算精度及效率。研究表明,相关方法可实现舱内热环境的局部精细化与整体大规模的协同模拟,用于开展整体自然对流与设备局部热量传递的多尺度数值模拟,掌握不同环境参数对舱内热质传递过程的影响规律,从而为飞行器热防护/热管理一体化设计提供重要技术支撑。     

Microstructure evolution of a hypereutectic Nb–Ti–Si–Cr–Al–Hf alloy processed by directional solidification

In this work, the Nb–14Si–24Ti–10Cr–2Al–2Hf–0.1Y alloy(at.%) was processed by the liquid–metal-cooled directional solidification(DS) at 1750 C with withdrawal rates of 1.2, 6,18 mm/min and post heat treatment(HT) at 1450 C for 10 h. The microstructures of the directionally solidified and heat treated samples were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified alloy mainly consists of petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics and Ti-rich Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics. With the increase of withdrawal rate, the primary Nb5Si3is eliminated, Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectic cells turn round and connected with the microstructure refinement and Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics turn to a river-like morphology. After heat treatment,Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics disappeared and petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics turn to a specific fiber-mesh structure gradually, which is promoted by higher withdrawal rates. Furthermore,both the volume fraction of Cr2Nb and the content of Cr in Nbssof Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics change regularly with the increase of withdrawal rate and heat treatment at 1450 C for 10 h.     

高导电硅橡胶材料的性能

首先通过平行对比了三种填充不同导电填料的硅橡胶材料的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、恒定压缩永久形变、导电性及屏蔽性能,优选出镀银铝粉作导电填料;考察了镀银铝粉用量对硅橡胶材料的拉伸强度、伸长率、压变、微观形貌、导电性能的影响,最终确定镀银铝粉的填充体积分数为55%;结合导电橡胶制品对使用寿命的需求,进一步深入研究了导电硅橡胶材料在自然平贮老化及高温加速老化下的导电性能。结果表明:随老化时间的延长,体积电阻率不断增大,导电性能减弱。自然平贮老化60 d后,材料的体积电阻率基本不变;900d后,体积电阻率由初始值4.6×10-3Ω·cm增大至7.5×10-2Ω·cm。150℃老化30 d后,体积电阻率由初始值增大至9.5×10-2Ω·cm。填充镀银铝粉的导电硅橡胶材料在两种条件下老化后均能保持高的导电性;高温加速老化对导电性能的影响大于自然平贮老化。     

基于微型光谱仪的光纤压力高速解调技术

为解决高超声速飞行器中大气压力传感系统的多通道、高精度、强环境适应性等技术需求问题,具有耐高温、易组网、高灵敏度、抗电磁干扰等优点的光纤压力传感技术成为航空航天压力传感领域的重要研究方向。提出一种基于微型光谱仪的光纤压力高速解调技术,该技术采用基于体相位光栅和线阵光电探测器的微型光谱仪作为光谱探测单元、Actel公司的片上SoC电路系统作为智能信息处理单元,融合数字滤波、线性拟合、曲线寻峰、信号重构等数据处理算法,完成光纤压力传感器高速解调系统研制,并搭建压力检测实验平台。试验结果表明:系统的压力测量范围优于260kPa,测量精度接近0.1%F.S.,分辨率为10Pa,动态响应可达5kHz。     

Modelling and analysis of initial icing roughness with fixed-grid enthalpy method based on DPM-VOF algorithm

Ice particles could form under the continuous impingement of incoming supercooled droplets in icing conditions, which will change the surface roughness to enhance the further heat and mass transfer during icing process. A fixed-grid porous enthalpy method based on the improved Discrete Phase Model(DPM) and Volume of Fluid(VOF) integrated algorithm is developed to solve the multiphase heat transfer problem to give more detailed demonstration of the formation of initial ice roughness. The algorith...