模型组转换算法在机动目标跟踪中的应用

为改进变结构多模(VSMM)估计中模型组转换(MGS)算法对运动规律较复杂目标的跟踪,提出了用于模型组激活的核心模型转移法。该法为每个模型组确定一核心模型,并利用当前时刻滤波结果中的模型概率和似然等先验与后验信息,判断模型组的激活。仿真结果表明,核心模型转移法的滤波结果平稳,为MGS算法提供了一种简单易行且全面利用系统信息的模型组激活方法。     

Numerical analysis for impacts of nozzle end-clearances on aerodynamic performance and forced response in a VNT turbine

It has been well known that nozzle end-clearances in a Variable Nozzle Turbine (VNT) are unfavorable for aerodynamic performance, especially at small openings, and efforts to further decrease size of the clearances are very hard due to thermal expansion. In this paper, both the different sizes of nozzle end-clearances and the various ratios of their distribution at the hub and shroud sides were modelled and investigated by performing 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations with a code of transferring the aerodynamic pressure from the CFD results to the FEA calculations. It was found that increasing the size of the nozzle end-clearances divided equally at the hub and shroud sides deteriorates turbine efficiency and turbine wheel reliability, yet increases turbine flow capacity. And, when the total nozzle end-clearances remain the same, varying nozzle end-clearances’ distribution at the hub and shroud sides not only shifts operation point of a VNT turbine, but also affects the turbine wheel vibration stress. Compared with nozzle hub clearance, the shroud clearance is more sensitive to both aerodynamic performance and reliability of a VNT turbine. Consequently, a possibility is put forward to improve VNT turbine efficiency meanwhile decrease vibration stress by optimizing nozzle end-clearances’ distribution.     

Variable stiffness design of redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms

Redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms (RAPRPMs) adapt to the requirements of robots under different working conditions by changing the antagonistic internal force to tune their stiffness. The geometrical parameters of the mechanism impact the performances of modulating stiffness. Analytical expressions relating stiffness and geometrical parameters of the mechanism were formulated to obtain the necessary conditions of variable stiffness. A novel method of variable stiffness design was presented to optimize the geometrical parameters of the mechanism. The stiffness variation with the internal force was maximized. The dynamic change of stiffness with the dynamic location of the mechanism was minimized, and the robustness of stiff-ness during the motion of the mechanism was ensured. This new approach to variable stiffness design can enable off-line planning of the internal force to avoid the difficulties of on-line control of the internal force.     

非对称线性方程组的广义拟最小向后误差算法

正交投影方法已经广泛应用于求解线性方程组.人们很少注意到斜投影方法,事实上斜投影方法更适合于解大型非对称线性方程组.本文的目的是考虑一标准来判断是否一个给定的近似值是合适的,并给出一个算法来计算线性方程组Ax=b的解使得向后误差算法满足某个优化条件.     

Assimilation of endmember variability in spectral mixture analysis for urban land cover extraction

Variable Endmember Constrained Least Square (VECLS) technique is proposed to account endmember variability in the linear mixture model by incorporating the variance for each class, the signals of which varies from pixel to pixel due to change in urban land cover (LC) structures. VECLS is first tested with a computer simulated three class endmember considering four bands having small, medium and large variability with three different spatial resolutions. The technique is next validated with real datasets of IKONOS, Landsat ETM+ and MODIS. The results show that correlation between actual and estimated proportion is higher by an average of 0.25 for the artificial datasets compared to a situation where variability is not considered. With IKONOS, Landsat ETM+ and MODIS data, the average correlation increased by 0.15 for 2 and 3 classes and by 0.19 for 4 classes, when compared to single endmember per class.     

雷诺数对大后掠小展弦比飞机纵向气动特性影响修正的工程计算方法

在非线性迎角范围内，雷诺数通过对机翼脱体涡和前机身体涡影响来改变飞机的纵向气动特性。由于现有风洞条件所限，在这一范围内，使用变雷诺数试验方法把试验数据外插到飞行值非常困难。为解决这一问题，本文给出了一种基于全尺寸飞行前缘雷诺数计算出外露翼可得到的前缘推力系数，并通过风洞试验求出试验条件下机翼上可得到的前缘推力系数，从而获得雷诺数对气动特性影响量的工程计算方法。该方法适用于翼面产生脱体涡流型或脱体涡占优（涡破裂前）所引起的非线性问题。     

5A06铝合金超快变换极性VPTIG焊接工艺

研发了一种适用于铝合金材料的新型超快速变换变极性焊接工艺,以5A06为焊接对象,通过X射线探伤、拉伸试验、金相分析以及扫描电镜等手段对超快变换VPTIG焊接工艺进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,超快变换变极性,11G焊接工艺能够显著改善和提高5A06铝合金的焊接质量.     

A lunar cargo mission design strategy using variable low thrust

A design technique for a near optimal, Earth–Moon transfer trajectory using continuous variable low thrust is proposed. For the Earth–Moon transfer trajectory, analytical and numerical methods are combined to formulate the trajectory optimization problem. The basic concept of the proposed technique is to utilize analytically optimized solutions when the spacecraft is flying near a central body where the transfer trajectories are nearly circular shaped, and to use a numerical optimization method to match the spacecraft’s states to establish a final near optimal trajectory. The plasma thruster is considered as the main propulsion system which is currently being developed for crewed/cargo missions for interplanetary flight. The gravitational effects of the 3rd body and geopotential effects are included during the trajectory optimization process. With the proposed design technique, Earth–Moon transfer trajectory is successfully designed with the plasma thruster having a thrust direction sequence of “fixed-varied-fixed” and a thrust acceleration sequence of “constant-variable-constant”. As this strategy has the characteristics of a lesser computational load, little sensitivity to initial conditions, and obtaining solutions quickly, this method can be utilized in the initial scoping studies for mission design and analysis. Additionally, derived near optimal trajectory solution can be used as for initial trajectory solution for further detailed optimization problem. The demonstrated results will give various insights into future lunar cargo trajectories using plasma thrusters with continuous variable low thrust, establishing approximate costs as well as trajectory characteristics.     

一种改进的变步长LMS自适应算法在机载电子干扰机中的应用

对LMS自适应滤波算法进行了讨论,给出了一种改进的变步长LMS自适应算法,这种改进方法通过误差信号的自相关值调节自适应算法的步长,具有较好的抗干扰性能,且收敛速度快,稳态误差小。将其应用于电子干扰机的自适应收发隔离系统中,计算机仿真结果与理论分析一致,表明了该算法具有一定的可行性和优越性。     

火星探测降落伞模型高速风洞变迎角试验技术

为获得火星探测器物伞系统动力学仿真中需要使用的降落伞轴向力、法向力、俯仰力矩系数，开展了火星探测降落伞模型高速风洞变迎角试验技术研究，研制了火星探测降落伞模型高速风洞变迎角试验装置，进行了火星探测降落伞模型高速风洞变迎角试验，获得了火星探测降落伞模型在马赫数范围0.4～0.8、迎角范围0°～25°时的轴向力、法向力和俯仰力矩系数，并对支撑干扰及洞壁干扰影响进行了扣除修正。试验结果表明：火星探测降落伞模型的轴向力系数随迎角变化较小；常规透气伞的法向力系数随迎角增大而增大，在马赫数为0.4和0.6时，低透气伞的法向力系数在小迎角时随迎角增大而减小；在马赫数范围0.4～0.8时，常规透气伞静稳定，低透气伞的静稳定性较常规透气伞减小，在马赫数为0.4和0.6时，低透气伞在零迎角时静不稳定，出现了非零配平 迎角。