直升机梯次使用控制及评价指标分析

直升机梯次使用控制是航空装备保障的一项重要工作，通过合理安排直升机的梯次使用，可以最大限度地发挥直升机的整体使用效能。针对直升机梯次使用控制中的难点及缺乏评价指标的问题，介绍梯次使用控制的两种方法，重点阐述梯次使用优化控制技术方法；推导分析不同参数对梯次使用控制的影响，提出衡量梯次使用控制效果的三个评价指标，并利用梯次使用优化控制技术方法进行算例分析。结果表明：单机年度任务最短时间与最长时间之和为常数，本文推导出的参数选择方法正确，提出的评价指标合理可行，可为下一步研究提供参考。     

基于PSO-ELM的卫星导航欺骗式干扰检测CSCD

近年来,卫星导航系统在军事监测、精细农业、交通监控、资源勘探、灾害评估等领域得到了广泛应用,但由于卫星导航信号结构公开且到达地面时强度微弱,卫星导航系统极易受到各种各样的干扰,其中欺骗式干扰因具有较强的隐蔽性,对卫星导航系统构成巨大的安全威胁。传统的欺骗式干扰检测方法大多采用单一参数进行检测,具有一定局限性。考虑到欺骗干扰源在欺骗过程中会引起一系列参数变化,构造了一个多参数输入的卫星导航欺骗式干扰检测模型,即将多个特征参数作为极限学习机(ELM)的输入,并通过训练和学习将真实信号与欺骗信号区分开,从而实现欺骗式干扰检测。同时,利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法优化ELM中的输入权值矩阵和隐层偏置,改善由于网络参数随机生成导致分类精度低的问题。仿真实验证明了该方法在卫星导航欺骗干扰检测方面的可行性和有效性。     

功能型复合材料在深空探测任务中的应用研究进展

分析了深空航天器面临的复杂空间环境以及对航天用功能型复合材料的需求,系统综述了耐高低温、抗宇宙射线、电磁屏蔽等深空探测环境用功能型复合材料的研究进展,最后,展望了功能型复合材料在深空探测领域中的潜在应用。     

Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

An improved altimeter-derived gravity anomaly from shipborne gravity based on the mean sea surface height constraint factors method

Coastal marine gravity modeling faces challenges due to the degradation of the quality and poor coverage of altimeter data in coastal regions. The effective fusion of shipborne gravity data and altimeter-derived marine gravity data can make shipborne gravity data more useful for the accurate estimation of altimeter-derived coastal marine gravity. A mean sea surface height constraint factor (MSSHCF) method based on the ordinary kriging method and the remove-restore technique is proposed to fuse altimeter-derived gravity model with shipborne gravity data. In this method, all data are standardized during the interpolation process to reduce the error and mean sea surface as a vertical variable is added to the semi-variance function in ordinary kriging to obtain the residual shipborne gravity as corrected data source. The coastal marine gravity models V2.1 and V3.1 which fused altimeter-derived gravity data with shipborne gravity data and V1.1 without shipborne gravity data at a spatial resolution of 1′×1′ can be obtained. Validation experiments show that the accuracy of the gravity model V3.1 obtained by the MSSHCF method more closely agrees with the validated gravity model DTU17 and SS V31 than the model V2.1 obtained by the ordinary kriging interpolation method and the V1.1 model. Our results were validated against shipborne gravity data; the accuracy of model V3.1 was 4.95 % higher than the model V1.1 in South China Sea area A and 2.48 % higher in South China Sea area B. Meanwhile, the accuracy of model V3.1 was 2.07 % higher than model V2.1 in South China Sea area A and 2.42 % higher in South China Sea area B. The effects of distance from the coast and sea depth on the marine gravity model were also evaluated. The results show that the gravity model V3.1 has higher accuracy with the change in ocean distance and depth than the V2.1 and V1.1 gravity models. Thus, our study shows that the MSSHCF method effectively refines coastal altimeter-derived gravity using shipborne gravity data.     

高空来流条件下航空发动机双旋流燃烧室点火特性数值模拟

为深入了解真实航空发动机燃烧室极端条件下点火性能，在自有CFD平台上对不同高空来流条件下典型航空发动机双旋流燃烧室点火过程进行了数值模拟。为保证模拟精度，对模型包括全部气膜冷却小孔在内的所有精细结构均进行了完全仿真，并完整再现了燃烧室内从燃油雾化到点火燃烧全过程。结果表明3种高空来流条件下单次点火均失败。点火过程显示高温燃气越过旋流杯中心向上回流区扩张是点火的关键时空区域，在此时补充点火可推动火焰顺利传播到整个主燃区。对8km和6km两种状态分别增加点火次数到3次和5次后最终点火成功，结果表明前者着火极限油气比约为0.057，后者为0.038~0.042。     

船用多级轴流压气机低工况扩稳优化研究—“航海专刊”

对某型船用九级轴流压气机，为了探讨减少可转导叶列数的可行性，并提升低工况喘振裕度，本文通过数值模拟方法研究通流布局优化对压气机低工况稳定性的影响。通过特性分析和详细流场分析，结论表明，一维关键参数选取对最佳可转导叶控制策略影响较大，本文优化部分级关键参数，不仅减少了可转导叶列数，而且提升了低转速下的喘振裕度，在75%转速下喘振裕度提升了2.27%，在70%转速下喘振裕度提升了3.3%。     

Reliability of satellite-based precipitation products in capturing extreme precipitation indices over Iran

The goal of this study is to assess the performance of four widely-used satellite precipitation products in capturing extreme precipitation indices across Iran over the period 2001–2018; these products include GPM IMERG (Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement), TRMM 3B42 (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission), CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Center InfraRed Precipitation with Station data), and PERSIANN-CDR (Precipitation Estimation From Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record). For this aim, a national gridded precipitation dataset was developed using a dense network of rain gauges as a reference dataset. The results suggest that the IMERG product outperforms the other three precipitation products in capturing extreme precipitation indices both temporally and spatially. TRMM 3B42 data show promising results in identifying many extreme indices, while the CHIRPS and PERSIANN-CDR products show less performance in accurately generating many of the extreme precipitation indices.     

基于GO法的Nd：YAG侧面泵浦激光器可靠性分析

本文报道了基于GO（Goad Oriented）法的Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光器可靠性分析，建立了Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光器的GO图模型，定性分析了Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光器的薄弱环节，定量计算了激光头中各薄弱环节的可靠性结果，包括等效故障率λ_R、等效维修率μ_R、平均无故障工作时间（MTBF）等；并定量计算了KTP晶体故障率的改善对Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光器可靠性提高的影响。本文中建立的GO图模型可为Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光的优化及可靠性评价提供理论依据。     

深空极低温服役环境下材料力学/物理性能低成本快速评价方法研究进展

随着我国空间探测卫星、深空探测飞行器等国家战略装备的快速发展,宇航材料的服役环境越来越苛刻,常常面临极端低温的考验。然而低温下材料的力学/物理性能和常温相比有很大差异,极低温使役环境下材料力学/物理性能评价成为人们关注的重点问题。本文着重对基于力-热能量密度等效原理而发展的深空极低温服役环境下材料屈服强度、弹性模量、理想拉伸强度、硬度等力学性能的低成本快速评价方法研究进展进行了总结和回顾;同时,介绍了力-热能量密度等效原理在低温下半导体材料的带隙能、折射率、拉曼频移,金属材料磁晶各向异性常数等物理性能的低成本快速评价方面的推广应用情况。该评价方法为实现地面实时监测在轨航天器中关键材料的主要力学/物理性能提供了有效途径,为国家高端技术装备建设中关键材料的设计、可靠性评价和实时性能监测等提供重要的手段。