航空发动机气动热力参数的趋势分析

航空发动机状态的趋势分析,是一种广泛地应用于航空发动机性能监控的分析技术。本文建立了发动机气动热力参数趋势分析的数学模型,着重讨论了有关数据处理中的四个问题:参数的换算;野点的判断和剔除;趋势性的判断和数据的平滑与预测。并将上述模型应用于JT9D发动机的气动热力参数的趋势分析。     

超音尾喷流红外抑制方案的研究

超音速发动机尾喷流的红外抑制是超音速飞行器隐身性能的重要组成部分。本文提出两种超音速尾喷流的红外抑制方案二次旋流方案与组合波瓣方案 ,并对两种方案共 7组试验件在不同的结构和二次流速度情况下进行了大量重复试验。在旋流方案试验中 ,对二次流加旋诱发大尺度流向涡进行了系统的研究 ,得到旋流角度、二次流速度等对掺混效果的影响规律 ,试验结果表明 :对于本结构方案 ,当二次流速度为 49m/s,旋流角在 3 0°左右 ,掺混效果最好 ,且随二次流流速的增加而加强。在组合波瓣方案的试验中 ,对组合波瓣用于超音尾喷流红外抑制进行了研究 ,试验结果表明可对超音尾喷流的红外起到有效的抑制作用。     

流动控制技术在航空涡轮推进系统上的应用

介绍了主动流动控制在风扇／压气机、主燃烧室、涡轮和排气系统中的应用情况。阐明了流动控制在大幅度地提高发动机的性能、增加发动机的稳定性、减轻发动机的重量等方面的巨大潜力。同时指出分步实施流动控制的过程也就是应对其重大技术挑战的过程。     

一种模拟喷管二维流场的新方法

采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法对固体火箭发动机喷管进行了纯气相流场的数值模拟。推导了建立在同位网格之上利用协变物理速度分量为计算变量的离散方程，采用协变物理速度分量推导压力修正方程，对密度采用一阶迎风格式插值，将ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法扩大到计算可压流动。计算结果表明：本方法计算精度高，收敛速度快，程序编写简单。     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

二维过渡区喷流干扰流场的DSMC/EPS仿真

应用DSMC／EPS混合算法，数值模拟过渡区有RCS横向喷流干扰的二维有限平板高超声速流场，分析了流场结构、分离形态及物面气动系数分布等特性。结果表明，不同：Knudsen数下，喷流干扰流场存在差异，过渡区中的稀薄气体效应得以体现，证明了DSMC／EPS混合算法是研究稀薄，连续混合区域高超声速流动的有效方法。     

求解可压缩N－S方程的无粘－粘性分数步法

用按物理过程作时间分裂的无粘－粘性分数步法求解可压缩Ｎ－Ｓ方程，无粘步用高效欧拉算法解欧拉方程，粘性步用全隐格式解抛物方程；并采取了有效措施消除由分步法产生的时间和空间不相容性，文中给出了轴对称喷管内外流场的数值模拟结果。     

恒压式气体微流量计测量不确定度评估

介绍了恒压式气体微流量计的组成和校准原理.在对电容薄膜规做了热流逸效应实验的基础上,对流量计的测量不确定度进行了评估,给出了扩展不确定度和包含因子.通过传递标准漏孔与德国PTB开展了漏率比对,验证了测量不确定度评估结果的可靠性.     

喷气吹气襟翼对翼型气动性能影响研究

用雷诺平均N-S方程模拟方法对翼型上下表面局部增加喷流和吹气的增升效果进行计算分析,内容包括改变喷流压比,喷流角度,舵面状态和吹气位置,以此研究吹气襟翼和喷气襟翼对翼型气动性能的影响规律.模拟结果表明:喷气增升主要通过上下翼面压力分布实现的.在一定范围内升力随喷流的压力比升高而升高;上翼面吹气可以推迟上翼面分离且吹气位置前移推迟分离效果更加明显.     

大瑞利数下二维Benard对流演化过程的DSMC仿真研究

利用DSMC（Direct Simulation Monte Carlo）方法研究了大Rayleigh（瑞利）数条件下稀薄气体的二维Benard对流的特性。考察了流动的非定常演化过程及若干流动特征量随时间的变化特征，得到了与实验较为一致的结论。计算结果表明，当流动控制参数不断增大时，二维Berard对流从热传导状态过渡到热对流状态表现出明显的非定常演化特征。最后当瑞利数增大到一定程度后，注动显示出混沌的特性。