基于相关峰细化时延估计的舱内服务机器人发话人定位研究

发话人定位是舱内服务机器人有效区分航天员与环境并获取与航天员相对位置关系的重要手段。针对时延估计的机器人声定位算法精度受采样频率和噪声限制的问题,提出了一种基于相关峰精确插值的空间六元阵列发话人定位方法。该方法基于机器人球形结构设计,利用信号预处理和二次相关降低噪声干扰,通过线性调频Z变换(MCZT)取代快速傅里叶变换(FFT)计算细化频谱,突破已有时域采样率的限制,能有效弱化FFT带来的栅栏效应,提高相关函数分辨率、时延估计精度及发话人定位精度。实验结果表明:基于相关峰精确插值算法的发话人定位方法,其时延估计性能有明显提升,能较好地对声源目标进行定位,且算法精度优于基于广义互相关的发话人定位方法,能满足舱内服务机器人的定位需求。     

航天器热防护材料的发展概述

文章简要介绍新型航天器的热防护材料的发展概况,重点介绍国内外碳/碳复合材料、超高温陶瓷材料、陶瓷基复合材料及新型隔热材料等热防护材料研究工作及其在飞行器上的应用,并对防隔热材料的发展趋势作简要评述.     

微米铁粉填充硅橡胶复合材料的压阻性能研究

利用磁场辅助硫化工艺,制备了含有排列的微米铁粉的硅橡胶复合材料,测量了体系的压阻特性.结果表明,该复合材料显示丰富的压阻特性,初始电阻大于1010Ω的体系显示负压阻特性,而小于1010Ω的体系显示正压阻特性;填充了10%,20%,50%(质量分数)铁粉的硅橡胶在加载压力0.2MPa前后出现正压阻渗流转变,电阻变化达10...     

改性羰基铁粉/ 硅橡胶材料的制备及其力学性能

以微米级改性羰基铁粉为填充剂,甲基乙烯基硅橡胶为基体,制备了高温硫化的羰基铁粉/硅橡胶复合材料.研究了偶联剂种类、用量及羰基铁粉填充量对复合材料力学性能的影响,利用扫描电镜对硫化胶断面的微观结构进行了观察.结果表明,采用硅烷偶联剂KH570、KH151改性羰基铁粉都能提高复合材料的拉伸强度,其中KH151的改性效果要优于KH570;KH151的最佳用量为羰基铁粉质量的1%;在一定范围内随着改性羰基铁粉体积分数的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度增大.羰基铁粉体积分数超过60%后,混炼困难.     

电磁波在吸波涂层中的干涉现象

为研究电磁波在吸波涂层中的干涉现象,选取了X型羰基铁粉吸收剂,采用同轴法测试了材料电磁参数,通过多次反射方法求解了X型吸波涂层在厚度为1/4波长时反射系数公式;另外,求解了不同厚度X-1型吸波涂层对频率为9.5 GHz平面电磁波反射系数公式,取公式前6项计算了反射系数Γ_a和反射率R_a。结果表明,多次反射波之间产生了干涉行为,发生了干涉相消现象。Γ_a、R_a分别与传输线方法计算的Γ和R的值非常接近,表明Γ_a和R_a可以近似代表X-1型吸波涂层对9.5 GHz电磁波的反射系数和反射率。当X-1型吸波涂层厚度小于1.9 mm或在3.2~6.6 mm时,第二反射波对第一反射波起到干涉相长作用,降低吸波性能,表明优选的吸波涂层厚度应该介于1.9~3.2 mm。     

基于材料微观特性的涡轮盘疲劳裂纹萌生寿命数值仿真

 为了研究材料微观特性对结构疲劳寿命的影响,根据Tanaka-Mura疲劳裂纹萌生寿命计算理论,模拟某镍基粉末合金涡轮盘喉道表面疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。利用泰森多边形生成法,模拟微观多晶结构,建立宏-细观模型相结合的三维仿真模型。实现3项关键技术:1)在三维模型中模拟了面心立方晶体中{111}面族的12条主滑移系;2)应用缺口根部裂纹萌生的Tanaka-Mura理论模型模拟一条微裂纹在另一条裂纹尖端萌生;3)模拟了微裂纹的起裂、扩展与联合过程,最终形成一条宏观裂纹。对某表面带刀痕涡轮盘疲劳裂纹萌生寿命数值仿真结果与真盘试验结果相差20%。研究表明,减小晶粒尺寸、降低表面粗糙度、形成表面压缩残余应变以及析出沉淀颗粒都有利于提高涡轮盘的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。     

Comparative Study on Super Fine Mesophase Powder and MCMB Used to Manufacture High-Density Isotropic Carbon Bulks

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and super fine mesophase powder (SFMP) were prepared firstly from a coal tar pitch and then hot-condensed into high-density isotropic carbon (HDIC) bulks under 160 MPa and finally sintered at 1 000 ℃ . By analyzing the ther-mogravimetric behavior of the MCMB and SFMP powders, their volume shrinkage and weight loss during sintering and the bulk density and flexural strengths of their sintered bulks, it was found that the smaller sizes and the richer β-resin contents of SFMP have facilitated formation of sintered bulks with more compact isotropic structure and higher flexural strengths than MCMB. Because of the filling and bonding effects of SFMP on MCMB bulks, addition of SFMP, albeit a little, can greatly increase the flexural strengths of sintered bulks of MCMB. However, adding MCMB, even a slight amount, into SFMP can severely impair the flexural strength of sintered bulks. This might be attributed to both the crack initiation along the boundaries between MCMB and SFMP and the formation of layered texture of MCMB sphere.     

Development overview of the revised NASA Ultra Long Duration Balloon

The desire for longer duration stratospheric flights at constant float altitudes for heavy payloads has been the focus of the development of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Ultra Long Duration Balloon (ULDB) effort. Recent efforts have focused on ground testing and analysis to understand the previously observed issue of balloon deployment. A revised approach to the pumpkin balloon design has been tested through ground testing of model balloons and through two test flights. The design approach does not require foreshortening, and will significantly reduce the balloon handling during manufacture reducing the chances of inducing damage to the envelope. Successful ground testing of model balloons lead to the fabrication and test flight of a ∼176,000 m³ (∼6.2 MCF – Million Cubic Foot) balloon. Pre-flight analytical predictions predicted that the proposed flight balloon design to be stable and should fully deploy. This paper provides an overview of this first test flight of the revised Ultra Long Duration Balloon design which was a short domestic test flight from Ft. Sumner, NM, USA. This balloon fully deployed, but developed a leak under pressurization. After an extensive investigation to the cause of the leak, a second test flight balloon was fabricated. This ∼176,000 m³ (∼6.2 MCF) balloon was flown from Kiruna, Sweden in June of 2006. Flight results for both test flights, including flight performance are presented.     

Effect of Processing and Composition on the Structure and Properties of P/M EP741NP Type Alloys

A study was carried out on the effects of processing and composition on the structure and properties of P/M EP741NP type alloys. The objectives of this study were to understand the role of Hf in a P/M superalloy containing high niobium used in aircraft engines and to determine the effects of extrusion and forging the powders as contrasted to HIPing (hot isostatic pressing) only. Two alloys of the P/M EP741NP composition were atomized: one alloy contained 0.26%Hf and the other was Hf free. After the as-atomized powders from both alloys were characterized, the powders were extruded into billets, forged and heat treated. After each process, the microstructures were characterized by SEM and the phases were extracted and identified by X-ray diffraction. The presence of Hf in the residues was probed by EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). The alloys were given the published Russian heat treatment as well as a more conventional heat treatment more typical of western powder alloys. Tensile, creep and stress rupture mechanical property tests were run. Results of the structural behavior of the alloys after each processing step will be presented and discussed. The role of the Hf on the mechanical proper- ties will be discussed.     

基于FPGA的北斗B1频点接收机 基带信号处理器设计

针对北斗二代B1频点信号比特翻转频繁的问题,设计并实现了基于FPGA的北斗B1频点导航接收机基带处理器.该处理器在信号捕获过程中设计了频率精细搜索的精捕获算法,避免了假捕获并且提高了捕获频率的精度;在载波跟踪环路中设计2阶锁频环辅助3阶锁相环的方案,以提高环路跟踪的动态性能.其中,锁频环和锁相环均设计了对比特翻转敏感的鉴别器,保证环路跟踪的准确性.试验结果表明,该基带处理器设计具有较高精度的捕获频率和良好的高动态跟踪能力.