Identification of a 2D turbulent wind spectrum

Turbulent wind spectrum models usually involve nonrational terms. For such models the development of a Markovian time simulator relies on a rational approximation obtained by the way of an identification stage. This paper presents a general method to manage this identification stage, that provides us with a family of stable rational approximations which is proved to converge towards the true model as the dimension increases. We first give an exact but infinite dimensional state space representation of the spectrum. It is based on the use of a diffusive equation. For bi-dimensional (2D) signals it also uses decoupling by spatial Fourier transformation. Then the discretization of this exact model leads easily to stable finite dimensional approximations over a prescribed frequency range. This approach is applied to the identification of a theoretical 2D turbulent wind spectrum, and of a 1D turbulent wind spectrum estimated from in flight recorded data.     

Computational engineering analysis of external geometrical modifications on MQ-1 unmanned combat aerial vehicle

This paper focuses on the effects of external geometrical modifications on the aerodynamic characteristics of the MQ-1 predator Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) using computational fluid dynamics. The investigations are performed for 16 flight conditions at an altitude of 7.6 km and at a constant speed of 56.32 m/s. Two models are analysed, namely the baseline model and the model with external geometrical modifications installed on it. Both the models are investigated for various angles of attack from −4° to 16°, angles of bank from 0° to 6° and angles of yaw from 0° to 4°. Due to the unavailability of any experimental (wind tunnel or flight test) data for this UCAV in the literature, a thorough verification of calculations process is presented to demonstrate confidence level in the numerical simulations. The analysis quantifies the loss of lift and increase in drag for the modified version of the MQ-1 predator UCAV along with the identification of stall conditions. Local improvement (in drag) of up to 96% has been obtained by relocating external modifications, whereas global drag force reduction of roughly 0.5% is observed. The effects of external geometrical modifications on the control surfaces indicate the blanking phenomenon and reduction in forces on the control surfaces that can reduce the aerodynamic performance of the UCAV.     

压气机不同状态下转子出口三维紊流流场

用单斜热丝、圆柱单孔高频压力探针等手段,详细测量了单级压气机转子出口的三维紊流流场,揭示压气机在不同流量状态下转子出口的流动结构和紊流特性。      

具有无源控制空腔时正激波/湍流附面层干扰的数值模拟

采用雷诺平均N-S方程和B/L代数湍流模型计算了具有无源控制空腔时正激波/湍流附面层干扰流场。计算与实验结果的比较表明,本文方法可较准确地预测激波结构、激波与附面层干扰区流动基本特征及波后流动分离状态、激波位置、波前马赫数等参数。      

矩形蜗壳内三维紊流场的热线测量

在3个不同流量工况, 对矩形蜗壳内三维紊流流场进行了测量。结果表明, 在矩形蜗壳进口突变截面两侧壁的角区存在有回流区。在回流区中紊动能和雷诺应力明显大于中间截面主流区中的值。随着试验流量的增加, 回流区减小, 紊动能和雷诺应力很快下降。在同一流量工况, 随着半径增加, 紊动能和雷诺应力减小。在蜗壳圆周方面的不同横截面上存在有大旋涡, 气体在蜗壳中按螺旋管线运动。      

推进剂供应管道的集中参数近似模型研究——模态近似模型

提出了用模态近似法建立分布参数湍流管道的集中参数近似模型的新方法,发展了适用于水力和绝热气体湍流管道的两种模态近似模型：Ｉ－Ｒ－Ｃ模态和等效层流模型。模型中考虑了频率相关摩擦损失。利用单根管道阀门关断问题的仿真计算对本文的模型进行了验证,计算结果与考虑频率相关摩擦损失的特征线方法的计算结果十分吻合。     

弯曲管道内湍流流动的数值模拟

为了对弯曲管道内的湍流流动特性进行有效的预测，用显示代数应力模式对－典型的弯曲管道内流动进行了数值模拟和分析，计算结果表明：（1）显式代数应力模式能对弯曲管道内流动的平均量（如速度、压力、摩阻等）进行较为准确的预测；（2）对模式中的ε方程做适当修正后，该模式能较好地模拟出流动曲率效尖对湍流特性的影响，是对雷诺应力模式的一个比较好的近似。此外，该模式在形式上与标准k－ε两方程模式类似，使用方便，具有较强的工程实用价值。     

展向行波状Lorentz力的波数对壁湍流控制的影响

展向行波状Lorentz力可以有效调制湍流近壁流动及减少壁面摩擦阻力。为了解行波波数在壁湍流控制中的影响,并进一步揭示该方法的减阻机理,本文利用Fourier-Chebyshev谱方法,通过直接数值模拟（DNS）,对槽道湍流的展向行波状Lorentz力控制和减阻问题进行了研究,讨论了展向波数kz对近壁流动及壁面阻力的影响。结果表明,当展向行波状Lorentz力诱导的流场被用来调制固有的近壁湍流流场时,固有流场和诱导流场同时受到调制。Lorentz力的展向波数对流场调制效果具有显著影响。通过波数的选择,引进新的涡结构,可以调制条带结构的展向间距与强度,影响近壁流体的湍流猝发活动,从而调制壁面摩擦阻力的大小。     

燃烧室流场数值计算方法的改进

在燃烧室流场数值计算中,引入壁面函数,考虑流线弯曲效应以及湍流各向异性等因素后,可使计算结果与实验数据的吻合程度大有改进,故在流场数值计算中应计入这些因素。