Global Response of Martian Plasma Environment to an Interplanetary Structure: From Ena and Plasma Observations at Mars

As a part of the global plasma environment study of Mars and its response to the solar wind, we have analyzed a peculiar case of the subsolar energetic neutral atom (ENA) jet observed on June 7, 2004 by the Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) on board the Mars Express satellite. The “subsolar ENA jet” is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian exosphere, and is one of the most intense sources of ENA flux observed in the vicinity of Mars. On June 7, 2004 (orbit 485 of Mars Express), the NPD observed a very intense subsolar ENA jet, which then abruptly decreased within ∼10 sec followed by quasi-periodic (∼1 min) flux variations. Simultaneously, the plasma sensors detected a solar wind structure, which was most likely an interplanetary shock surface. The abrupt decrease of the ENA flux and the quasi-periodic flux variations can be understood in the framework of the global response of the Martian plasma obstacle to the interplanetary shock. The generation region of the subsolar ENA jet was pushed towards the planet by the interplanetary shock; and therefore, Mars Express went out of the ENA jet region. Associated global vibrations of the Martian plasma obstacle may have been the cause of the quasi-periodic flux variations of the ENA flux at the spacecraft location.     

格栅尾翼布局的姿轨控直接力气动力特性研究

针对防空反导拦截导弹拦截高突防能力目标的需求,研究了格栅翼与直接力控制结合使用的创新型导弹布局的气动性能。使用计算流体力学(CFD)方法计算了新型布局在不同姿轨控组合喷流时的气动干扰特性,对比研究了典型设计点的无喷、单喷口喷流、组合喷流的全弹主要气动分量和部件气动力。研究结果表明:格栅翼应用于高空高速的弹道末端时,格栅内部不会出现壅塞现象;组合喷流的姿轨控可解耦,在气动力数学模型建模时可以主要针对轨控的气动干扰量进行建模,从而极大的简化气动数学模型,减少型号研制成本。研究结论可推广到一般的在弹道末端纯直接力控制的布局气动力数学建模中。     

非恒定增压式微尺度拉瓦尔喷管流动特性

针对微尺度喷流在航天器运动状态切换时出现的非恒定增压变化,采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法对阶跃式增压和线性式增压两种模式下的微尺度拉瓦尔喷管流场进行了模拟,并对其变化过程中的流动特性进行了对比分析。结果显示：阶跃式增压会导致流动特性出现较大幅值的峰谷式波动,而线性式增压下的流动特性则呈现出线性变化的特点;黏性力对微尺度喷流的非恒定增压变化产生了重要的黏滞作用,在喉部扩张段至出口的流场中尤为明显;在设定的条件下,阶跃式增压过程中喷流产生的总冲量较线性式增压高59.5%,质量流量高74.7%,单位工质提供的冲量低约8.6%,波动性也高于线性式模型,阶跃式增压适用于系统需要较大推力改变运动状态且推进剂充足的情况,而线性式增压在系统精确微调或需要推进剂产生更高效能时具有明显的优势。     

合成射流激励器阵列对共轴射流掺混的影响

分别对单列和多列合成射流激励器控制共轴射流掺混流场进行了详细的二维非定常数值模拟,通过对其温度场分布和掺混过程进行分析,探讨激励器阵列进行掺混控制的机理.在研究过程中,考虑了相邻合成射流的影响.结果表明,激励器的采用使得整个流场的非定常性增强、湍流度增大,从而增强了共轴射流及其与周围流体间的掺混;两列激励器较单列激励器相比,前者具有更强的控制能力,这主要是由于相邻合成射流比单个合成射流有着更显著作用力的缘故.      

Parametric analyses for synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoil

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoils. The preconditioned and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a k x shear stream transport turbulence model are employed to accomplish the flowfield simulation of rotor airfoils under jet control. Additionally,a velocity boundary condition modeled by a sinusoidal function is developed to fulfill the perturbation effect of periodic jets. The validity of the present CFD procedure is evaluated by the simulated results of an isolated synthetic jet and the jet control case for airfoil NACA0015. Then, parametric analyses are conducted specifically for an OA213 rotor airfoil to investigate the effects of jet parameters(forcing frequency, jet location and momentum coefficient, jet direction, and distribution of jet arrays) on the control effect of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotor airfoil. Preliminary results indicate that the efficiency of jet control can be improved with specific frequencies(the best lift-drag ratio at F+= 2.0) and jet angles(40 or 75) when the jets are located near the separation point of the rotor airfoil. Furthermore, as a result of a suitable combination of jet arrays, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be improved by nearly 100%, and the corresponding drag coefficient decreased by26.5% in comparison with the single point control case.     

高度欠膨胀声速射流的自相似特性

构建了高压气体射流模型和高分辨率的计算网格,对喷压比（NPR）为5.60、流动雷诺数Re为105量级的高度欠膨胀射流进行了三维大涡模拟（LES）计算.讨论了时均的射流近场结构,发现大涡模拟成功捕捉到了高度欠膨胀射流近场的典型波系结构,并与文献结果吻合较好.研究着重定量考察流向速度和氮气质量分数的分布规律,以揭示高度欠膨胀射流的自相似特性.结果表明:在射流核心区之后,不同流向位置上流向速度和氮气质量分数沿径向的分布呈现出与亚声速射流类似的自相似特性.但射流流场开始呈现自相似的位置仍然为超声速,这是高度欠膨胀射流自相似特性的独有特征.提出了高斯拟合公式,在靠近和远离射流中心线的区域内均可较好地表征射流的自相似特性.此外,还考察了射流剪切层的发展特征,比较了计算得到的射流剪切层增长率与先前实验测量结果的差异,并分析了其中可能的原因.      

基于伴随非等温射流理论的缝槽气膜冷却模型

在伴随非等温射流基础上发展了一种适用于缝槽气膜冷却绝热温比预估的数学模型.通过合理假设推导出二维壁面射流混合层核心温度分布规律,将其作为气膜绝热壁温,并考虑缝槽几何特征参数和气膜吹风比对冷却效率的影响,得到绝热温比计算公式.用试验数据对该预估模型进行拟合分析,得到了与试验数据拟合精度在±8%以内的半经验预估模型,证明该模型的可行性和应用潜力,并需要更多的试验数据对其进行验证和改进.      

Periodic atomization characteristics of an impinging jet injector element modulated by Klystron effect

An experimental study on the Klystron effect of periodic injection modulated by pressure drop fluctuations on subsequent atomization is conducted. Time-resolved atomization backlit images and atomization Mie scatter images are captured by using the high speed camera. It is found that periodicity of forced atomization relies on pressure drop fluctuation amplitude and phase differences between atomization and pressure drop fluctuations relate to fluctuation frequencies. This feature of periodic atomization induced by Klystron effect corresponds to periodicities and high amplitudes of pressure fluctuations in unstable combustion chambers and chaos and low amplitudes of pressure fluctuations in stable combustions chambers. Drastically periodic varying of gross surface area of droplets with time was shown in Mie scatter images. The importance of periodic impinging jet atomization modulated by pressure drop fluctuations for acoustic liquid propellant combustion instabilities is illustrated.     

不同压比状态下超声速射流冲击斜板的声场/流场特性

为研究超声速射流冲击斜板的噪声特性及声源特性,针对不同压比下,超声速射流流场及声场分别进行了高频PIV(particle image velocimetry)测量与远场噪声测量.PIV测量结果可观测到激波格栅形成过程以及冲击斜板对它的影响.声场测量结果可捕捉到自由射流与冲击射流中不同的纯音频率随压比增加的转变过程.通过...     

某型直升机发动机尾喷管前转接段模态分析

某型直升机发动机出现的尾喷管裂纹故障主要发生在尾喷管前转接段焊缝周围。为分析故障原因,文章建立了该型发动机尾喷管结构的计算模型。对该型喷管整体结构进行了自由振动和模态分析,获得了该喷管模型的多阶自振频率和模态。将有限元分析结果和实验结果对比表明,两者所得的固有频率吻合性较好。