雷诺数对跨声速压气机转子内部流动失稳触发机理的影响

利用带有先进转捩模型的数值模拟方法,对高低两种雷诺数下的跨声速压气机转子NASA Rotor67的内部流动进行了数值模拟.对比了不同雷诺数下叶片内部复杂三维流动,剖析了雷诺数影响风扇转子流动失稳的机制.研究发现:雷诺数降低使得叶片表面低能流体增多,径向迁移加剧,造成叶片顶部吸力面分离加剧;且雷诺数降低使得叶顶间隙泄漏流强度减弱,间隙泄漏流和主流相互作用造成的叶片顶部流场堵塞减弱.雷诺数通过上述两种作用影响压气机转子的失稳机制.     

亚声速轴流压气机叶顶喷气设计规律的试验研究

为了探索叶顶喷气在亚声速轴流压气机中的设计规律,试验研究了喷气量、喷嘴喉部高度、周向覆盖比例、喷气位置、喷嘴数目、喷嘴分布形式对压气机失速裕度的影响规律,分析了叶顶喷气的扩稳机理以及对压气机失速特性的影响,总结了叶顶喷气在亚声速和跨声速压气机中作用规律的异同。研究结果表明,叶顶喷气没有改变压气机的失速特性,其扩稳机理主要在于对叶顶堵塞的有效抑制,通道堵塞对叶顶喷气的非定常响应是离散叶顶喷气有效扩稳的重要原因。当喷嘴处于堵塞状态时扩稳效果达到最大,利用0.66%的喷气量可将压气机的失速裕度提升15%。对于压气机失速裕度的影响,喷气量、喷嘴喉部高度、喷气周向覆盖比例间存在交互作用,喷气位置、喷嘴周向分布形式和进气畸变对喷气扩稳效果的影响均不大。当压气机的失速均是由叶顶泄漏涡诱发的突尖失速时,叶顶喷气在亚声速压气机中的设计方法可用于指导跨声速压气机叶顶喷气的设计。     

Experimental investigation of flow field in a laboratory-scale compressor

The inner flow environment of turbomachinery presents strong three-dimensional, rota-tional, and unsteady characteristics. Consequently, a deep understanding of these flow phenomena will be the prerequisite to establish a state-of-the-art design system of turbomachinery. Currently the development of more accurate turbulence models and CFD tools is in urgent need for a high-quality database for validation, especially the advanced CFD tools, such as large eddy simu-lation (LES). Under this circumstance, this paper presents a detailed experimental investigation on the 3D unsteady flow field inside a laboratory-scale isolated-rotor with multiple advanced measure-ment techniques, including traditional aerodynamic probes, hotwire probes, unsteady endwall static pressure measurement, and stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV). The inlet boundary layer pro-file is measured with both hotwire probe and aerodynamic probe. The steady and unsteady flow fields at the outlet of the rotor are measured with a mini five-hole probe and a single-slanted hotwire probe. The instantaneous flow field in the rotor tip region inside the passage is captured with SPIV, and then a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the instantaneous tip leakage vortex/flow is performed to understand its dynamic characteristics. Besides these, the uncertainty analysis of each measurement technique is described. This database is quite sufficient to validate the advanced numerical simulation with LES. The identification process of the tip leakage vortex core in the instantaneous frames obtained from SPIV is performed deliberately. It is concluded that the ensemble-averaged flow field could not represent the tip leakage vortex strength and the trajectory trace. The development of the tip leakage vortex could be clearly cataloged into three phases according to their statistical spatial distribution. The streamwise velocity loss induced by the tipleakage flow increases until the splitting process is weak and the turbulent mixing phase is dominant.     

跨声速压气机叶尖开槽射流扩稳策略探究

为了提高跨声速轴流压气机的稳定工作范围,提出一种叶尖开槽射流的扩稳策略,设计7种开槽方案,并通过数值模拟分析其效果及扩稳机理。计算结果表明,针对叶尖通道堵塞设计的开槽射流方案取得了较好的效果,压气机稳定工作裕度实现了2.33%~4.53%的提高,但峰值效率降低0.26%~1.24%;在合理的范围内,槽道的宽度越宽、深度越深、出口位置在近失速工况的分离点前和出口射流角度25°左右时扩稳效果最好,但性能损失与扩稳效果负相关;开槽射流实现扩稳的原因是:槽道入口对压力面前缘低速流团的抽吸作用、出口射流对吸力面尾缘分离的吹除作用以及减小叶尖间隙内的泄漏。     

波音767-300ER改装翼梢小翼的翼根翼型气动性能研究

基于波音767-300ER改装翼梢小翼的实际测量尺寸,建立了翼根翼型几何模型,并利用计算流体力学技术在波音767-300ER飞机巡航状态下分析了该翼型的气动性能,获得了在不同迎角时该翼型的压力和速度分布以及升阻比．为翼梢小翼的设计提供了一些理论依据。     

Alleviation of spike stall in axial compressors utilizing grooved casing treatment

This article deals with application of grooved type casing treatment for suppression of spike stall in an isolated axial compressor rotor blade row. The continuous grooved casing treatment covering the whole compressor circumference is of 1.8 mm in depth and located between90% and 108% chord of the blade tip as measured from leading edge. The method of investigation is based on time-accurate three-dimensional full annulus numerical simulations for cases with and without casing treatment. Discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations has been carried out based on an upwind second-order scheme and k-w-SST(Shear Stress Transport) turbulence modeling has been used for estimation of eddy viscosity. Time-dependent flow structure results for the smooth casing reveal that there are two criteria for spike stall inception known as leading edge spillage and trailing edge backflow, which occur at specific mass flow rates in near-stall conditions. In this case, two dominant stall cells of different sizes could be observed. The larger one is caused by the spike stall covering roughly two blade passages in the circumferential direction and about 25% span in the radial direction. Spike stall disturbances are accompanied by lower frequencies and higher amplitudes of the pressure signals. Casing treatment causes flow blockages to reduce due to alleviation of backflow regions, which in turn reduces the total pressure loss and increases the axial velocity in the blade tip gap region, as well as tip leakage flow fluctuation at higher frequencies and lower amplitudes. Eventually, it can be concluded that the casing treatment of the stepped tip gap type could increase the stall margin of the compressor. This fact is basically due to retarding the movement of the interface region between incoming and tip leakage flows towards the rotor leading edge plane and suppressing the reversed flow around the blade trailing edge.     

应用于燃气轮机余热回收系统的超临界CO2径流式透平性能探究

为研究应用于燃气轮机余热回收系统的超临界CO₂（SCO₂）径流式透平整机性能,基于RANS（雷诺时均）模型,对透平整机系统内部流场进行数值模拟,获得了SCO₂径流式透平整机在起动、升速、自持及额定工况下的运行情况,并针对出口压力变化分析了透平非设计工况下的性能。模拟结果表明：透平起动工况下会发生运行失稳,产生“倒吸”现象且通道内出现大面积的低速区域,但随转速增加流动趋于稳定;叶顶间隙的泄漏流会对透平的性能产生不利影响,额定工况下0.5 mm的间隙使透平减少近47 kW的功率输出,等熵效率降低6%左右;轮背密封可以起到良好密封作用,密封引入气还提高了透平整机的功率和效率;在偏离设计点工况运行时,透平可以有效应对出口压力的变化;通过对比简化通道和全周通道的仿真数据,透平轴功率和等熵效率的误差均在0.5%以内,可知应用简化通道模型仿真能够保证计算精度。因此,在SCO₂径流式透平的仿真与应用过程中,研究人员要注重透平低速起动工况下的运行,以及叶顶间隙对这种小尺寸高转速透平机性能的影响。     

多腔室凹槽对涡轮叶顶流动传热特性影响的数值研究

现代航空发动机为获得更大输出功率和推重比,涡轮进口温度不断提高,因此高温燃气在无围带动叶叶顶间隙的泄漏引起叶顶热负荷急剧增加,甚至导致叶片烧蚀、失效,严重影响涡轮运行安全。为降低叶顶热负荷,抑制泄漏流,本文以GE-E3第一级叶栅为研究对象,通过求解三维Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS）方程和湍流模型研究了多腔室凹槽对叶顶流动传热性能的影响。研究结果表明:在多腔室凹槽中,叶顶换热系数随着叶顶空腔数量的增加而逐渐减小,凹槽腔室内刮削涡可有效降低泄漏流量。格栅结构在凹槽中起到“气动篦齿”作用,在0至20%的流向区域内泄漏流控制效果显著。Case7的叶顶换热系数最小,比Case1降低了40.44％;Case2和Case3可显著抑制叶顶泄漏量,与Case1相比分别降低了33.82％、28.90％。     

圆弧形截面的翼尖几何修形方法研究

现代飞机外形设计越来越注重局部细节的精细化设计,翼尖局部修形便是其中一项重要的工作。针对翼尖截面形状,分析并总结出两种圆弧形截面的翼尖几何修形方法。     

利用翼尖减阻装置提高碟形飞行器性能

碟型飞行器采用了新颖的翼身融合气动布局.与常规飞行器相比,这种外形通过机身和机翼完全融合消除了机身阻力,且具有结构简单、容载大等许多优点,但由于其展弦比小而导致诱导阻力较大.本文通过风洞吹风试验,找到一种后掠鱼鳍形的翼尖小翼装置能很好地减小其诱导阻力.对模型安装翼尖小翼后,风洞测量其最大升阻比在30 m/s风速下提高了75%,在50 m/s风速下可达到15.为进一步考察安装翼尖装置后的飞行器低速气动性能,对其进行了模型试飞研究.试飞验证了风洞吹风结果,不仅提高了载重量而且使横侧飞行稳定性增强.