叶尖小翼对跨声速压气机转子变工况性能的影响

为了进一步揭示叶尖小翼对跨声速压气机转子气动性能的影响机理,利用数值模拟方法研究了不同叶尖小翼安装方式对跨声速压气机转子气动性能的影响,并在分析跨声速压气机转子不同转速时的流动失稳机制的基础上探讨了叶尖小翼的扩稳机理.研究结果表明:最大宽度的压力面小翼在100%,80%及60%设计转速下分别使得跨声速压气机转子失速裕度增加8.1%,17.4%和7.1%.100%及80%设计转速时,转子叶尖区激波/叶尖泄漏涡干涉及泄漏涡破裂后产生的阻塞区是影响跨声速压气机转子内部流动失稳的关键因素.压力面小翼的扩稳机制在于降低了叶尖泄漏流强度,减弱了激波/叶尖泄漏涡干涉的强度,减小了叶尖泄漏涡破裂后产生的阻塞区.60%设计转速时,转子叶片吸力面气动过载导致的大面积的分离流动是诱发该跨声速压气机转子失稳的主要机制,此时压力面小翼的扩稳机制在于降低了转子叶尖来流的等效攻角,减弱了转子吸力面附面层三维分离的程度.      

带吸力面小翼的压气机叶栅变间隙特性实验

为了进一步揭示吸力面小翼在不同叶尖间隙条件下的影响机理,开展了有/无吸力面小翼的压气机叶栅变间隙特性实验.结果表明:与无间隙叶栅相比,叶尖相对间隙为1%时引入的泄漏流可以有效抑制叶片吸力面/端壁角区三维分离的产生,叶栅总损失和气动堵塞程度最低,此时为研究的4种间隙工况中的最佳间隙工况.吸力面小翼在此间隙下降低了泄漏涡强度的同时使通道涡增强,叶片吸力面重新出现了三维分离流动,叶栅总损失和堵塞程度均有所增加.在叶尖相对间隙为2%和3%时,带吸力面小翼叶栅中叶尖分离涡增强,主导叶尖区流动的泄漏涡强度减弱,两种间隙下叶栅总损失系数分别降低了8.9%和12.5%,堵塞系数分别降低了6.9%和6.3%.在研究的3种非零间隙条件下吸力面小翼降低了叶栅气动损失对叶尖间隙变化的敏感性,减弱了叶尖泄漏涡造成的叶栅出口气流角的欠偏转/过偏转程度.      

Multi-probe linear fitting and time of arrival linear correction method to analyze blade vibration based on blade tip timing without once-per-revolution

Blade vibration monitoring can ensure the safe operation of aero-engine rotor blades. Among the methods of blade vibration monitoring, Blade Tip Timing (BTT) method has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages of non-contact measurement. However, it is difficult to install the Once-Per-Revolution (OPR) probe in the confined space of aero-engine, and the failure and instability of the OPR signal will reduce the reliability of the blade vibration analysis results, which directly affects the accuracy of the blade vibration parameters identification. The Multi-Probe linear fitting and Time of Arrival (ToA) Linear Correction method based on the BTT (MP-LC-BTT) without OPR is proposed to reduce the errors of single probe linear fitting method for blade vibration displacement analysis. The proposed method can also correct the calculation error of blade vibration displacement due to the nonlinear change of rotation speed, which can improve the analysis accuracy of the blade vibration displacement. A new blade vibration model conforming to the actual vibration characteristics is established, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation. Finally, the reliability and accuracy of the MP-LC-BTT method have been verified by the experiments which include two high-speed blade test-benches and an industrial axial fan. This method can be used in the actual aero-engine monitoring instead of the BTT method with OPR.     

New model-based method for aero-engine turbine blade tip clearance measurement

Active control of aero-engine turbine tip clearance is one of the best chances for engine performance uplift currently. To do that, the first requirement is real-time measurement of tip clearance in aero-engine working environment. However, turbine complexity makes it unlikely for tip clearance sensors to be loaded. In recognition of that, this paper proposed a model-based method for tip clearance measurement. Firstly, by considering previously wrongly neglected factors such as load deformation, a mathematical model to monitor dynamic tip clearance changes is built to improve calculation accuracy. Then, after clarifying the coupling relationship between engine models and tip clearance models, this paper builds a component-level mathematical model integrating dynamic characteristics of turbine tip clearance, which helps realize accurate measurement of tip clearance in working environment. How tip clearance affects turbine efficiency is studied afterwards and reported to aero-engine model, so as to mitigate performance difference between aero-engine model and real engines caused by turbine tip clearance. Lastly, by hardware-in-the-loop simulation, tip clearance model demonstrates 15.9% better accuracy than previously built models in terms of turbine centrifugal deformation calculation. As tip clearance measurement model takes averagely 0.34 ms in calculation, meeting the operation requirement, it proves to be an effective new way.     

可控转速机匣转速对跨声速压气机转子流动稳定性的影响

可控转速机匣是一种通过控制机匣结构中的可转动环段旋转对叶顶间隙流场施加作用的机匣处理方式,可以一定程度上改善机匣处理中存在的效率下降以及难以完全适应变工况条件的难题。针对起始于动叶叶顶前缘、宽度为叶顶轴向弦长的可转动环段,对设计转速下的跨声速压气机转子流动稳定性的数值研究结果显示,随着可转动环段转速的增加,转子的稳定工作裕度逐渐提高,扩稳效果先弱后强,当可转动环段转速为转子设计转速时,在保证最高效率基本不变的情况下,稳定工作裕度提高了52.56%。可控转速机匣在较低转速时主要是通过减小叶顶的堵塞区实现扩稳,而高转速时则主要是通过抑制叶顶泄漏涡的破碎推迟失稳,不同转速下稳定工作裕度均有不同程度提升。     

机翼翼尖减阻装置的应用和发展

利用机翼翼尖装置减少机翼诱导阻力是飞机减阻研究的重要组成部分。本文综合介绍了机翼翼尖装置的减阻技术研究的新发展，着重讨论了“翼尖帆片”、“小翼”以及“剪切翼尖”三种典型的翼尖装置的减阻原理、特性和设计技术的研究以及应用情况。研究结果指出，在接近设计条件下，上述翼尖装置与“翼尖延伸”相比，在减少诱导阻力方面将会起到更大的作用。对不同的翼尖装置的比较和分析结果表明，复杂的“翼尖帆片”将比“小翼”和“剪     

涡轮叶尖迷宫式密封对泄漏流场影响的数值模拟

采用基于密度修正的三维计算流体力学程序,结合雷诺应力湍流模型加壁面函数的方法,对某一轴流涡轮转子叶尖迷宫式密封对泄漏流场的影响进行了数值研究,分析了全叶冠密封和部分叶冠密封中的泄漏流场,并详细研究了迷宫密封采用的锯齿状肋条数目对密封效果的影响,最后计算了转子效率。结果表明:涡轮叶尖表面加叶冠对进行密封,可以显著提高涡轮效率,全叶冠密封下涡轮效率提高1.15301%,部分叶冠密封涡轮效率增加0.54713%;迷宫密封中锯齿状肋条数有一个最佳值,且在此锯齿状肋条数下进行迷宫密封涡轮效率相对无锯齿状肋条增加0.1%。     

叶尖间隙智能气动密封技术研究

利用形状记忆合金的特性发展了一种新型压气机叶尖间隙智能密封技术,可以根据发动机工作状态的变化,自适应地控制压气机叶尖间隙。本文介绍了控制叶尖间隙的原理和方案,进行了智能气动密封环的结构设计,并对密封环进行了变形计算与分析。      

基于跨声速高压涡轮凹槽叶顶间隙模型的大涡模拟研究

为研究跨声速高压涡轮叶顶间隙非定常流动特性及流场结构,基于跨声速高压涡轮凹槽叶顶间隙的几何特征,建立了可行的简化数值模型,并通过大涡模拟对叶顶凹槽间隙内部的非定常流动进行了数值计算,探讨了凹槽叶顶几何参数对流动稳定性和气动性能的影响.研究结果表明,当跨声速泄漏流动流经凹槽叶顶时,在凹槽入口处形成激波,同时凹槽前分离泡发...     

叶尖泄漏与压气机叶栅三维角区分离相互作用实验研究

为了进一步揭示叶顶泄漏与压气机叶栅三维角区分离流动的相互作用机制,采用五孔气动探针测量了叶栅出口截面气动参数,并对机匣端壁静压进行了测量,详细分析了不同间隙尺寸及来流角度时压气机叶栅间隙流对角区三维分离流动的影响机理.研究结果表明,适当大小叶顶间隙引入的泄漏流阻止了端壁二次流动与叶片吸力面附面层之间的相互作用,移除了三维角区分离,改善了叶栅性能.随着叶顶间隙尺寸及叶栅内气流折转程度的增加,叶顶泄漏涡与上通道涡间的相互作用程度逐渐增强.