变比冲发动机作用下共面燃料最优轨道转移

以国外目前正在研制中的变比冲磁等离子体火箭发动机(VASIMR)为背景,研究了变比冲发动机作用下的同平面燃料最优轨道转移。推力方向角和比冲为控制变量,发动机总功率为常值,发动机可多次开关机。采用经典最优控制理论,运用庞德里亚金最小值原理将问题转化为两点边值问题,并通过非线性规划算法求解,得到了受精确开关函数控制的最优比冲时间历程。给出的VASIMR发动机应用算例结果表明,采用VA-SIMR发动机有益于提高航天器有效载荷所占比例。     

涡轮叶栅端壁气膜冷却数值模拟

对前缘上游有双排气膜孔的涡轮叶栅端壁气膜冷却进行了气动和传热数值模拟。计算模拟了两排26个气膜孔,每个孔截面的网格数达到近200个,计算域包括了供气腔。计算得到了端壁气膜冷却的冷却效率分布并进行了冷气射流粒子示踪。计算揭示了端壁气膜冷却的流动与传热传质机理,并据此提出了端壁抛射气膜冷却的概念。结果表明数值计算可模拟气膜冷却的主要流动与传热特征,但在数值的准确性上还需要进一步的完善。     

低速大尺寸传热风洞的研制

为进行航空发动机内特别是叶轮机械内的边界层、传热和气膜冷却研究，设计、建造了大尺寸低速回流式风洞。描述了风洞结构和设计中考虑的主要问题。风洞性能测试结果表明，试验段中的气流达到很高的均匀度，不用紊流发生器时可达到很低的紊流度，试验板上的边界层参数和换热系数都和公认的关系式符合良好。     

时间—数字转换器在时间间隔误差测量中的应用

讨论了时间—数字转换器实现原理。讨论了时间间隔误差的定义及其在同步系统分析中的重要性。从提高测量动态范围和分辨力两方面 ,讨论了时间—数字转换器在时间间隔误差测量中的应用方法。     

单个压电风扇传热特性

基于压电风扇运动规律的激光多普勒测振仪测试结果,利用动网格技术对单个垂直壁面压电风扇的三维非定常流动和传热特性进行了数值模拟,同时应用红外热像仪对表面局部对流换热系数分布进行了测量。研究结果表明:时均对流换热系数的数值模拟与实验结果具有良好的一致性;加热表面的存在,导致压电风扇激励的涡系结构与其在自由空间振动时诱导的流场存在一定的差异,脱落涡相比于自由空间时更易于破碎;压电风扇振动诱导的涡冲击加热表面所形成的近壁流动呈现出明显的平行于风扇的侧向流动,而在压电风扇两侧边则出现卷吸的特点,叶尖包络区对应的壁面局部对流换热有显著的强化作用,表面对流换热系数分布在包络区外围呈现出明显的哑铃状特征。     

大推力发动机高温隔热屏设计及优化研究

以卫星用大推力发动机高温隔热屏为研究对象,根据传热机理建立了其瞬态传热模型。对不同边界温度条件下高温隔热屏的瞬态传热过程进行数值仿真,且经对比,仿真计算出的隔热屏温度值与试验结果吻合良好,验证了模型的准确性和适用性。利用该模型设计了某卫星高温隔热屏,并分析了隔热屏覆盖层发射率、反射屏发射率、比热容等对隔热屏瞬态隔热性能的影响。研究结果为隔热屏的设计和优化提供了依据。     

Structural dynamic responses of a stripped solar sail subjected to solar radiation pressure

The stripped solar sail whose membrane is divided into separate narrow membrane strips is believed to have the best structural efficiency. In this paper, the stripped solar sail structure is regarded as an assembly made by connecting a number of boom-strip components in sequence. Considering the coupling effects between booms and membrane strips, an exact and semi-analytical method to calculate structural dynamic responses of the stripped solar sail subjected to solar radiation pressure is established. The case study of a 100 m stripped solar sail shows that the stripped architecture helps to reduce the static deflections and amplitudes of the steady-state dynamic response. Larger prestress of the membrane strips will decrease stiffness of the sail and increase amplitudes of the steady-state dynamic response. Increasing thickness of the boom will benefit to stability of the sail and reduce the resonant amplitudes. This proposed semi-analytical method provides an efficient analysis tool for structure design and attitude control of the stripped solar sail.     

Two new multi-phase reliability growth models from the perspective of time between failures and their applications

Aviation products would go through a multi-phase improvement in reliability performance during the research and development process. In the literature, most of the existing reliability growth models assume a constant failure intensity in each test phase, which inevitably limits the scope of the application. To address this problem, we propose two new models considering time-varying failure intensity in each stage. The proposed models borrow the idea from the accelerated failure-time models. It is assumed that time between failures follow the log-location-scale distribution and the scale parameters in each phase do not change, which forms the basis for integrating the data from all test stages. For the test-find-test scenario, an improvement factor is introduced to construct the relationship between two successive location parameters. Whereas for the test-fix-test scenario, the instantaneous cumulative time between failures is assumed to be consistent with Duane model and derive the formulation of location parameter. Likelihood ratio test is further utilized to test whether the assumption of constant failure intensity in each phase is suitable. Several applications with real reliability growth data show that the assumptions are reasonable and the proposed models outperform the existing models.     

Design and analysis of a direct transfer trajectory from a near rectilinear halo orbit to a low lunar orbit

A near rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) is regarded as a potential orbit for a future deep space station that can effectively support sustainable crewed lunar exploration missions. In this paper, the L₂ southern NRHOs are selected as the research object, and a direct transfer trajectory from an NRHO to a low lunar orbit (LLO) is designed and analyzed. First, based on the circular restricted three-body problem, the characteristics of NRHOs are discussed including geometric behaviour, stability and synodic resonance. Second, optimal direct transfer trajectories are obtained by combining a local gradient optimization with a numerical continuation strategy. A reachable domain calculation model is established. Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility of the trajectory design method. The relationship between the velocity change and the reachable domain is further analysed through simulation calculations.     

Initial accuracy and reliability of current BDS-3 precise positioning,velocity estimation,and time transfer (PVT)

The primary system of Chinese global BeiDou satellite system (BDS-3) was completed to provide global services on December 27, 2018; this was a key milestone in the development process for BDS in terms of its provision of global services. Therefore, this study analyzed the current performance of BDS-3, including its precise positioning, velocity estimation, and time transfer (PVT). The datasets were derived from international GNSS monitoring and assessment system (iGMAS) tracking networks and the two international time laboratories in collaboration with the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). With respect to the positioning, the focus is on the real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning and precise point positioning (PPP) modes with static and kinematic scenarios. The results show that the mean available satellite number is 4.8 for current BDS-3 system at short baseline XIA1–XIA3. The RTK accuracy for three components is generally within cm level; the 3D mean accuracy is 8.9 mm for BDS-3 solutions. For the PPP scenarios, the convergence time is about 4 h for TP01 and BRCH stations in two scenarios. After the convergence, the horizontal positioning accuracy is better than cm level and the vertical accuracy nearly reaches the 1 dm level. With respect to kinematic scenarios, the accuracy stays at the cm level for horizontal components and dm level for the vertical component at two stations. In terms of velocity estimation, the horizontal accuracy stays at a sub-mm level, and the vertical accuracy is better than 2 mm/s in the BDS-3 scenario, even in the Arctic. In terms of time and frequency transfer, the noise level of BDS-3 time links can reach 0.096 ns for long-distances link NT01–TP02 and 0.016 ns for short-distance links TP01–TP02. Frequency stability reaches 5E–14 accuracy when the averaging time is within 10,000 s for NT01–TP02 and 1E–15 for TP01–TP02.