DORIS-based point mascons for the long term stability of precise orbit solutions

In recent years non-tidal Time Varying Gravity (TVG) has emerged as the most important contributor in the error budget of Precision Orbit Determination (POD) solutions for altimeter satellites’ orbits. The Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has provided POD analysts with static and time-varying gravity models that are very accurate over the 2002–2012 time interval, but whose linear rates cannot be safely extrapolated before and after the GRACE lifespan. One such model based on a combination of data from GRACE and Lageos from 2002–2010, is used in the dynamic POD solutions developed for the Geophysical Data Records (GDRs) of the Jason series of altimeter missions and the equivalent products from lower altitude missions such as Envisat, Cryosat-2, and HY-2A. In order to accommodate long-term time-variable gravity variations not included in the background geopotential model, we assess the feasibility of using DORIS data to observe local mass variations using point mascons. In particular, we show that the point-mascon approach can stabilize the geographically correlated orbit errors which are of fundamental interest for the analysis of regional Mean Sea Level trends based on altimeter data, and can therefore provide an interim solution in the event of GRACE data loss. The time series of point-mass solutions for Greenland and Antarctica show good agreement with independent series derived from GRACE data, indicating a mass loss at rate of 210 Gt/year and 110 Gt/year respectively.     

Analysis and experiments for delay compensation in attitude control of flexible spacecraft

Space vehicles are often characterized by highly flexible appendages, with low natural frequencies which can generate coupling phenomena during orbital maneuvering. The stability and delay margins of the controlled system are deeply affected by the presence of bodies with different elastic properties, assembled to form a complex multibody system. As a consequence, unstable behavior can arise. In this paper the problem is first faced from a numerical point of view, developing accurate multibody mathematical models, as well as relevant navigation and control algorithms. One of the main causes of instability is identified with the unavoidable presence of time delays in the GNC loop. A strategy to compensate for these delays is elaborated and tested using the simulation tool, and finally validated by means of a free floating platform, replicating the flexible spacecraft attitude dynamics (single axis rotation). The platform is equipped with thrusters commanded according to the on–off modulation of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control law. The LQR is based on the estimate of the full state vector, i.e. including both rigid – attitude – and elastic variables, that is possible thanks to the on line measurement of the flexible displacements, realized by processing the images acquired by a dedicated camera. The accurate mathematical model of the system and the rigid and elastic measurements enable a prediction of the state, so that the control is evaluated taking the predicted state relevant to a delayed time into account. Both the simulations and the experimental campaign demonstrate that by compensating in this way the time delay, the instability is eliminated, and the maneuver is performed accurately.     

一种用于GPS时差比对数据处理的卡尔曼滤波器设计

介绍了一种用于GPS时差比对数据处理的自适应卡尔曼滤波器,在Matlab环境下编写了离散时间形式的卡尔曼滤波算法程序,利用该算法对GPS信号与铯原子频标的时差比对数据进行了分析处理,最后介绍了该算法的数字芯片FPGA实现。     

Testing relativity with orbiting clocks

We describe the background and status of a superconducting microwave clock suitable for relativity experiments in earth orbit. The project has the capability of performing improved tests of Lorentz invariance via a Michelson–Morley type experiment, and setting new limits on nine parameters in the Standard Model Extension. If flown with a high stability atomic clock, a Kennedy–Thorndike experiment along with additional tests in general relativity could be performed.     

Numerical simulation of time delay interferometry for a LISA-like mission with the simplification of having only one interferometer

In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. In a previous paper (Dhurandhar, S.V., Nayak, K.R., Vinet, J.-Y. Time delay interferometry for LISA with one arm dysfunctional. Class. Quantum Grav. 27, 135013, 2010), we have found a large family of second-generation analytic solutions of time delay interferometry with one arm dysfunctional, and we also estimated the laser noise due to residual time-delay semi-analytically from orbit perturbations due to Earth. Since other planets and solar-system bodies also perturb the orbits of LISA spacecraft and affect the time delay interferometry (TDI), we simulate the time delay numerically in this paper for all solutions with the generation number n ? 3. We have worked out a set of 3-year optimized mission orbits of LISA spacecraft starting at January 1, 2021 using the CGC2.7 ephemeris framework. We then use this numerical solution to calculate the residual optical path differences in the second-generation solutions of our previous paper, and compare with the semi-analytic error estimate. The accuracy of this calculation is better than 1 cm (or 30 ps). The maximum path length difference, for all configuration calculated, is below 1 m (3 ns). This is well below the limit under which the laser frequency noise is required to be suppressed. The numerical simulation in this paper can be applied to other space-borne interferometers for gravitational wave detection with the simplification of having only one interferometer.     

一种深空天文测角导航中的星历误差抑制方法

以火星探测器为例，提出一种以星光角距/时间差分星光角距作为量测量的星历误差抑制方法，分析了火卫一星历误差对导航精度的影响，建立了火卫一时间差分星光角距的量测模型。通过将火星星光角距和火卫一星光角距相结合，发挥了两种量测的优势，实现了对火卫一星历误差的抑制。仿真结果表明，基于星光角距/时间差分星光角距天文导航方法的位置误差是传统基于星光角距天文导航方法的64%，是基于时间差分星光角距导航方法的58%。此外，还分析了导航恒星个数、火星敏感器精度、火卫一敏感器精度、星历误差大小和滤波周期对导航性能的影响。     

动态系统时延参数估计的重构输入法

首先指出了过去在进行时延系统参数估计时所用的近似处理方法的弊端，然后就动态系统未知时延参数的估计问题提出了重构系统输入的估计方法，并以极大似然估计迭代算法为基础给出了一套估计动态系统时延参数的算法，最后，应用所提出的方法进行了仿真计算，仿真结果表明，参数估计的精度极高，这说明该方法是可靠且可行的。     

精密时间频率，国防命脉所在——国防时间频率专业的发展

精密时间频率设备及其计量技术是国防科技工业的基础,总结了国防科技工业在晶体元器件、频率综合、原子频标、时间频率计量等时频领域的发展现状,并指出时间频率专业今后的发展方向。     

罩体材料介电常数高温宽带测试方法

介绍了基于传输反射法理论改进,组建了室温（R.T.）～600℃,400MHz～18GHz介电常数测量系统。分别从系统组成和测试方法两个方面入手,详细介绍高温传输反射测试系统对器件的材质、工艺、性能指标等特殊要求,重点介绍了高温测试用到的校准技术、高温修正算法、时域门技术、尺寸误差修正、自动控制等理论和技术难题。并佐以实验进行验证,试验结果与标称值符合良好。     

快速控制灵敏度和提高鲁棒性的技术途径

本文综合论述了在导弹控制工程中采用快速控制所带来的实际问题——即“Bang—Bang Control”(简称BBC)灵敏度问题,并对开环、闭环控制的BBC灵敏度进行理论分析,从而得出在导弹控制工程中,采用快速控制的同时,提高控制系统鲁棒性的几种工程技术途径。 通过某型导弹高度控制系统设计,弹道仿真计算,成功地解决了这类问题,获得良好的工程鲁棒性,为快速控制理论在导弹控制工程应用创造了条件。