A review of chatter vibration research in milling

Chatter is a self-excited vibration of parts in machining systems. It is widely present across a range of cutting processes, and has an impact upon both efficiency and quality in production processing. A great deal of research has been dedicated to the development of technologies that are able to predict and detect chatter. The purpose of these technologies is to facilitate the avoidance of chatter during cutting processes, which leads to better surface precision, higher productivity, and longer tool life. This paper summarizes the current state of the art in research regarding the problems of how to arrive at stable chatter prediction, chatter identification, and chatter control/suppression, with a focus on milling processes. Particular focus is placed on the theoretical relationship between cutting chatter and process damping, tool runout, and gyroscopic effect, as well as the importance of this for chatter prediction. The paper concludes with some reflections regarding possible directions for future research in this field.     

ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物的合成、表征、热分解行为及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

合成了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(ANPyO) Bi(III)含能配合物,采用FTIR、元素分析和XPS光电子能谱表征了含能配合物的结构.根据结构表征结果推测,ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物的分子式为Bi(C5H4N5O5)3,金属离子与配体的配比为1∶3.其中,可能的配位方式为:每个配体ANPyO 2-位的氨基脱去一个氢原子,分别以NH和N→O结构单元中N原子和O原子与Bi(III)形成配位键.ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物的撞击感度、摩擦感度和冲击波感分别为220 cm、36 kg和5.8 mm.采用TG-DTG和DSC测试考察了ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物的热分解行为,配合物在50～450 ℃范围内热分解过程由一个吸热熔融峰和分解放热峰组成,相应的峰温分别为320.6 ℃和346.5 ℃,配合物热分解剩余残渣量为31.2％.同时,考察了配合物对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用,并采用Kissinger法对纯AP和AP混合物热分解过程低温分解阶段和高温分解阶段的表观活化能和指前因子进行了计算.结果表明,ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物可使高氯酸铵高温分解阶段和低温分解阶段的峰温提前63.6 ℃和63.1 ℃,表观活化能降低23.1 kJ/mol和61.5 kJ/mol,表观分解热增加339.3 J/g.可发现,ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物对AP的热分解具有显著的催化作用.     

GEO卫星结构屏蔽设计与性能分析

地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星在轨期间将遭遇空间带电粒子辐射,导致的电离总剂量效应会损伤星上的电子元器件。在对GEO卫星典型结构进行屏蔽设计时,采用钽箔等材料对卫星结构大开口处进行封堵,又用屏蔽厚度的实体相交法求解卫星的屏蔽性能。建立卫星的三维屏蔽厚度模型,对比屏蔽设计前后的总剂量值,同时分析该封堵方法对卫星机热系统的影响。通过对GEO卫星结构三维屏蔽性能的分析,验证了该封堵方法的有效性。     

基于RANS/LES方法的超声速底部流场数值模拟

分别采用基于两方程k-ω剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模型的延迟DES(DDES)、更改的DDES(MDDES)和改进的DDES(IDDES)方法,并引入可压缩修正,结合三阶MUSCL-Roe和五阶WENO-Roe两种空间离散格式,针对超声速底部的复杂流动现象,开展了数值模拟研究。计算结果表明本文方法能够捕捉到超声速底部流动中丰富的湍流结构,通过分析计算结果对超声速底部的流动机理有了进一步的认识,为下一步的超声速底部流动减阻改进和雷诺平均NavierStokes/大涡模拟(RANS/LES)方法在非定常高可压缩性流动中的应用提供了参考。通过对比分析不同空间离散格式的计算结果研究了数值耗散对计算的影响,五阶WENO-Roe格式的计算结果与实验结果吻合良好;对不同RANS/LES混合方法的计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明IDDES方法在近壁区的表现优于DDES和MDDES方法。     

Competing effects of surface catalysis and ablation in hypersonic reentry aerothermodynamic environment

Under hypersonic flow conditions, the complicated gas-graphene interactions including surface catalysis and surface ablation would occur concurrently and intervene together with the thermodynamic response induced by spacecraft reentry. In this work, the competing effects of surface heterogeneous catalytic recombination and ablation characteristics at elevated temperatures are investigated using the Reactive Molecular Dynamics (RMD) simulation method. A Gas-Surface Interaction (GSI) model is established to simulate the collisions of hyper-enthalpy atomic oxygen on graphene films in the temperature range of 500–2500 K. A critical temperature T_c around 900 K is identified to distinguish the graphene responses into two parts: at T < T_c, the heterogeneous surface catalysis dominates, while the surface ablation plays a leading role at T > T_c. Contradicting to the traditional Arrhenius expression that the recombination coefficient increases with the increase of surface temperature, the value is found to be relatively uniform at T < T_c but declines sharply as the surface temperature increases further due to the competing ablation effect. The occurrence of surface ablation decreases the amounts of active sites on the graphene surface for oxygen adsorption, leading to reduced recombination coefficient from both Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) and Eley-Rideal (E-R) mechanisms. It suggests that the traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation method, which relies on the Arrhenius-type catalysis model, would result in large discrepancies in predicting aerodynamic heat for carbon-based materials during reentry into strong aerodynamic thermal environment.     

Predicting near-wall turbulence with minimal flow units in compressible turbulent channel flows

Mach number effects on the near-wall turbulence in the absence of outer motions remain unclear so far. The present study extends the Minimal Flow Units (MFUs), a widely applied method to investigate near-wall turbulence free from the impact of large-scale motions in the outer region in incompressible channel flows, to compressible wall-bounded turbulence. The compressible near-wall turbulence in MFU proves accurate in replicating near-wall statistics, independent of Mach number and statistically equivalent to the universal signals extracted from the full-sized channel. It is further utilized as universal signals in the predictive models of compressible near-wall turbulence, which is capable of accurately predicting variances and joint probability density functions of velocity and temperature fluctuations.     

下一代空间激光骨干网络全光处理技术

构建以高速激光链路为传输主体的空间激光骨干网络，是保障空间数据高速传输、提升信息共享率与时效性、实现信息服务网络全球覆盖的重要技术手段。空间数据容量的快速增加要求网络节点处数据处理带宽与之相适应且具备一定扩展性和兼容性。由于空间激光骨干网络节点较少、数据快速传输的特点，围绕我国下一代空间激光骨干网络节点处高带宽、低延迟的数据处理需求，基于交叉相位调制XPM和四波混频FWM两种光学三阶非线性效应分析并讨论了骨干节点处高速激光链路的交换/组播、制式转换及中继/再生全光数据处理技术，为我国下一代空间信息网络建设及高速激光链路的全面应用提供支撑。     

热力学非平衡对超燃冲压发动机冷态流动影响研究

随着流动马赫数和温度的变化，热力学非平衡对流动的影响也在变化。为研究热力学非平衡对不同飞行马赫数条件下的超燃冲压发动机冷态流动的影响，对三个经典的超燃冲压发动机模型，包括JAXA Ma12-02超燃冲压发动机，DLR超燃冲压发动机，以及Hyshot II超燃冲压发动机进行数值模拟。针对每个超燃冲压发动机，分别采用三种热力学模型进行模拟，包括量热完全气体模型（对应冻结流动），单温度模型（对应热力学平衡流动）以及双温度模型（对应热力学非平衡流动）。计算结果表明，热力学模型对超燃冲压发动机内流波系结构的位置有一定影响：从整体上来说，双温度模型计算所得波系位置比量热完全气体模型计算结果靠后，比单温度模型计算结果靠前；不同热力学模型计算所得波系位置在发动机前段相对较为接近，而随着向下游发展，波系位置的差别逐渐增大，这是上游每一道波系位置的差别逐渐累积的结果；在发动机前段，双温度模型计算所得波系位置更接近于量热完全气体模型计算结果。通过分析不同热力学模型计算所得激波角可以对此进行解释。而就本文涉及的三个小尺寸超燃冲压发动机而言，热力学模型对气动力和力矩的影响相对较小。不同热力学模型计算所得气动力和力矩的差别主要来源于计算所得激波串位置的差别。     

高空试车台供气压缩机组动态仿真建模方法研究

针对国内高空试车台研究中缺少对供气压缩机组动态仿真研究方法的现状，提出了一种适用于该热力系统的动态仿真建模方法。基于守恒方程，获得了压缩机、管网、换热器、调节阀的动态仿真计算模型；将Greitzer压缩机模型应用到复杂热力系统的动态建模中；在容腔模型的基础上增加流动损失计算模块，提出了“容腔-损失”管网模型。在Matlab/Simulink平台上搭建了某试车台供气压缩机组动态仿真模型。将仿真结果与实验结果对比，验证压缩机、管网等部件动态仿真模型的可靠性。其中，压力、温度的仿真结果的平均误差均小于1%；与传统的容腔模型相比，“容腔-损失”管网模型误差明显减小。证明了该建模方法的精确度与可靠性。