环氧树脂基导电复合材料力电性能研究

实验研究了填充炭黑的环氧树脂基导电复合材料的导电机理,不同炭黑掺量复合材料在一次加载及反复加载卸载下的力电效应。结果表明,炭黑掺量为20%试件的力电效应明显且稳定;各掺量试件卸载后均存在较大残余电阻,经多次加载卸载后,电阻变化率逐渐减小并趋于稳定值;卸载后电阻恢复率不断增加,最终可完全恢复。     

我国社会保障基金的制度缺陷及其对策

社会保障基金的筹集和使用具有调节宏观经济的财政效应，但目前我国社保基金的制度缺陷使其对宏观经济的调节作用受到了很大制约。只有多元化筹集社会保障基金，突破原有投资格局的限制，才能消除社会保障基金的制度缺陷，发挥其财政效应。     

近地低速飞行时旋翼尾涡系的畸变及其诱导速度

本文用一简化自由涡模型模拟旋翼尾涡系,用一简单涡模拟地面涡,对近地低速飞行时旋翼尾涡系的畸变及其引起的诱导速度变化作了研究。在地面涡和地面的影响下,桨盘附近的尾涡几何位置发生很大变化,导致桨盘处的诱导速度发生很大变化。尾涡畸变在桨盘处引起的诱导速度变化远远大于地面涡和地面在桨盘处直接产生的诱导速度。考虑尾涡畸变后计算出的诱导速度在桨盘处的分布和实验符合很好。     

含边界和损伤因素的纺织复合材料细观胞元模型

纺织复合材料的细观力学分析通常以胞元模型为基础,胞元边界条件的合理施加是获得精确分析结果的关键之一。本文以平面机织复合材料为例,讨论了细观胞元的选取和周期边界条件的施加方法,在此基础上建立了二维细观有限元模型,通过与全厚度模型分析结果的比较,研究了周期胞元模型的合理性,特别是边界效应和局部损伤等非周期因素对分析结果的影响,给出了这些因素下胞元边界条件的处理方法。     

利用均匀抽吸地板进行高速列车模型地板边界层影响的试验研究

在KD－03低速风洞中研制了一种边界层可人为控制的均匀抽吸地板。研究了在各种来流速度下均匀抽吸地板上边界层与抽吸系数的关系。在该地板上对高速列车模型气动力与地板边界层的关系进行了实验研究。对实验的几种模型状态，边界层吸除使列车模型所受阻力、负向升力和低头力矩均有明显增加，其增量与模型底部形状有关；在有侧滑角时，边界层吸除对模型气动力的六个分量均有影响。在没有边界层控制的固定地板上进行高速列车模型风洞实验，会使实验结果固边界层的影响而产生较大偏差。利用均匀抽吸地板可有效地消除边界层的影响，从而较准确地模拟地面效应的影响，提高高速列车模型风洞实验气动载荷的实验精度。而且，它的实验结果可为没有地板边界层控制装置的风洞中同类模型实验的边界层修正提供参考依据。     

热力学排气系统中节流效应及其冷量利用分析

为更好地理解热力学排气系统(TVS)的运行机理，优化其运行参数，针对节流装置，建立了热力学模型，讨论了节流过程中状态参数的变化规律，对比了单相气体、单相液体节流的性能特性，进一步揭示了焦汤节流效应的原理，分析了不同节流背压下节流前低温工质(液氢和液氧)压力和温度对节流性能的影响，并结合TVS实际应用，阐述了节流最大制冷量的利用效果，提出了优化的TVS工作区间。研究表明：在节流过程不发生相变情况下单相气体节流制冷效应要比单相液体节流制冷效应更加显著；而在节流过程发生相变情况下液体节流至两相后，由于空化吸热导致流体温度降低，对于液氢，0.5MPa的压降可产生接近3 K的温降。对于液体节流，节流前压力对节流过程影响可忽略，〖JP2〗而节流前温度和节流背压对节流过程起主导作用；对于液氢在在轨运行工况下，考虑到节流制冷量的充分利用，同时保证换热过程体积含气率不高于90%，推荐TVS系统中节流背压范围为75～143 kPa。     

Numerical investigation on flow nonuniformity-induced hysteresis in scramjet isolator

Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the hysteresis inside scramjet isolator during the reciprocating process of back pressure variation. It is revealed that only a regular reflection is theoretically possible for two leading shocks when the inflow Mach number is greater than 2.0, and no hysteresis can occur in the transition between shock reflection types. Nevertheless, wall suction, gas injection, and background waves cause non-uniformity of the incoming flow and would make hysteresis possible. Besides the classical hysteresis in the transition between shock reflection, new kinds of hysteresis were found in both the deflection angle of separated boundary layer and the location of the shock train. Moreover, the occurrence of hysteresis in the deflection angle of the separated boundary layer is accompanied with the shock reflection hysteresis. In the case with background waves or gas injection, hysteresis in the starting position of leading shock was observed too. As back pressure decreases, the leading shock does not follow the same path as that as the back pressure increases, and it is anchored at the location where the background shock or the injection interacts with the leading shock. It is inferred that, if two strong adverse pressure gradient regions move towards and interact with each other, hysteresis will take place when they start to separate.     

等离子鞘套热力学波动对电磁波传播的影响

针对等离子鞘套热力学波动造成电磁波传播特性变化的问题，结合湍流理论、等离子理论和电磁波传播理论，得到了热力学参数波动与介电常数间的关系。计算了不同状态下热力学参数波动引起S和Ka波段电磁波透射和反射系数的变化。结果表明，当电子密度增大，S波段反射系数变化减小、透射系数变化增大；当Ka波段在碰撞频率10MHz时，反射系数变化增大、透射系数变化减小，在碰撞频率1GHz和50GHz时透射系数变化反射系数变化先增后减。不同高度下波动的影响也不同，S波段透射和反射系数变化随高度升高先减后增；Ka波段透射系数变化先减后增、反射系数变化先减后增而后再次减小。因此，应根据实际环境状态获得波动的包络范围，进而针对性开展测控通信系统设计。     

全权限数字电子控制器雷电试验方法研究

在分析机载设备雷电感应敏感度试验相关标准的基础上,对全权限数字电子控制器雷电间接效应试验方法进行研究。对雷电间接效应耦合方式进行了分类,并以某型全权限数字电子控制器为例,介绍了数字电子控制器雷电感应瞬态敏感度试验波形组、试验电平选择方法及试验过程。并对空客和波音公司机载设备雷电感应瞬态敏感度试验方法做了初步介绍。研究成果可供制定机载设备雷电防护要求及试验方案时参考。     

Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes

With the implementation of environmental protection, sustainable development and conservation-oriented policies, components and parts of thin-walled welded tubes have gained increasing application in the aircraft and automotive industries because of their advantages: easily achieving forming and manufacturing process at low cost and in a short time. The current research on welded tube plastic forming is mainly concentrated on tube internal high-pressure forming, tube bending forming, and tube spinning forming. The focuses are on the material properties and characterization of welded tubes, finite element modeling for welded tube forming, and inhomogeneous deformation behavior and the mechanism and rules of deformation coordination in welded tube plastic forming. This paper summarizes the research progress in welded tube plastic forming from these aspects. Finally, with a focus on the urgent demand of the aviation, aerospace and automotive industries for high-strength and light-weight tubes, this paper discusses the development trends and challenges in the theory and technology of welded tube plastic forming in the future. Among them,laser tailor-welded technology will find application in the manufacture of high-strength steel tubes.Tube-end forming technology, such as tube flaring and flanging technology, will expand its application in welded tubes. Therefore, future studies will focus on the FE modeling regarding how to consider effects of welding on residual stresses, welding distortions and microstructure, the inhomogeneous deformation and coordination mechanism of the plastic forming process of tailor-welded tubes, and some end-forming processes of welded tubes, and more comprehensive research on the forming mechanism and limit of welded tubes.